Institute for the Study of Child Development, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2012 Apr;43(2):227-37. doi: 10.1007/s10578-011-0261-2.
In order to examine the roles of mental age, social interaction, and communication in self-representation abilities, typically-developing children were compared with children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Typically-developing children (TD, n = 66) and children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD, n = 20), including subgroups of autistic disorder and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, were assessed on self-representation ability, which was measured by mirror recognition, other-directed pretend play, and use of personal pronouns. More TD children (100%) showed mirror recognition than ASD children (55%). TD children were more likely to show other-directed pretense (80%) than the ASD group (35%). Personal pronouns were used more by TD children (83%) than by ASD children (63%). Self-representation ability appears to be underdeveloped in some children with ASD. Self-representation ability in children with ASD was related to the Social Interaction subscale of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule such that greater self representation ability was associated with better Social Interaction scores, although it was not related to the Communication scores of the ADOS-G. The mental age of the children with ASD was at least 2 years; therefore, the deficits in self representation in children with ASD cannot be explained by mental age alone.
为了研究心理年龄、社会互动和沟通在自我表现能力中的作用，我们比较了典型发育儿童和自闭症谱系障碍儿童。典型发育儿童（TD，n=66）和自闭症谱系障碍儿童（ASD，n=20），包括自闭症障碍和广泛性发育障碍未特定型的亚组，接受了自我表现能力的评估，这是通过镜像识别、他人导向的假装游戏和使用人称代词来衡量的。更多的典型发育儿童（100%）表现出镜像识别，而自闭症谱系障碍儿童（55%）则较少。典型发育儿童（80%）比自闭症谱系障碍儿童（35%）更有可能表现出他人导向的假装。典型发育儿童（83%）比自闭症谱系障碍儿童（63%）更常使用人称代词。一些自闭症谱系障碍儿童的自我表现能力似乎发育不足。自闭症谱系障碍儿童的自我表现能力与自闭症诊断观察量表的社会互动分量表有关，即自我表现能力越强，社会互动得分越高，尽管与自闭症诊断观察量表-修订版的沟通得分无关。自闭症谱系障碍儿童的心理年龄至少为 2 岁；因此，自闭症谱系障碍儿童的自我表现能力缺陷不能仅用心理年龄来解释。
