MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Oct 21;60(41):1413-7.
High sodium intake can increase blood pressure and the risk for heart disease and stroke. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, persons in the United States aged ≥2 years should limit daily sodium intake to <2,300 mg. Subpopulations that would benefit from further reducing sodium intake to 1,500 mg daily include 1) persons aged ≥51 years, 2) blacks, and 3) persons with hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease. To estimate the proportion of the U.S. population for whom the 1,500 mg recommendation applies and to assess the usual sodium intake for those persons, CDC and the National Institutes of Health used data for 2005-2008 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This report summarizes the results of that assessment, which determined that, although 47.6% of persons aged ≥2 years meet the criteria to limit their daily sodium intake to 1,500 mg, the usual daily sodium intake for 98.6% of those persons was >1,500 mg. Moreover, for 88.2% of the remaining U.S. population, daily sodium intake was greater than the recommended <2,300 mg. New population-based strategies and increased public health and private efforts will be needed to meet the Dietary Guidelines recommendations.
高钠摄入量会增加血压和心脏病及中风的风险。根据《美国人膳食指南》（2010 年版），美国 2 岁以上人群应将每日钠摄入量限制在<2300 毫克以下。需要进一步将钠摄入量减少到每日 1500 毫克的亚人群包括：1）年龄≥51 岁的人群，2）黑人，以及 3）高血压、糖尿病或慢性肾病患者。为了评估 1500 毫克建议适用于美国人群的比例，并评估这些人群的日常钠摄入量，疾病预防控制中心和美国国立卫生研究院利用了 2005-2008 年全国健康和营养调查（NHANES）的数据。本报告总结了这一评估的结果，该评估确定，尽管 47.6%的 2 岁以上人群符合将其每日钠摄入量限制在 1500 毫克以下的标准，但这些人群中 98.6%的人的日常钠摄入量超过 1500 毫克。此外，对于其余 88.2%的美国人口，每日钠摄入量大于推荐的<2300 毫克。需要采取新的基于人群的策略以及增加公共卫生和私营部门的努力，以满足膳食指南的建议。
