Fogt E J
Medtronic Inc., Brooklyn Center, MN 55430.
Clin Chem. 1990 Aug;36(8 Pt 2):1573-80.
The chemical species of principal clinical interest for continuous monitoring include oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, potassium, and glucose. Although sensors exist for all of these analytes, relatively few continuous monitors are used for blood chemistries. Reviewing the available electrochemical and optical approaches along with the expected system performance requirements provides some insight into the reasons for this. In particular, the performance of sensor systems is significantly dependent on the environment in which they are used: transcutaneous, intravascular, intramuscular, etc. The future success and acceptance of "real-time" continuous monitoring of the critically ill patient probably does not require the development of new sensors for additional species. Rather, improvements in the stability of existing devices and protection of the sensor's chemistry from the environment are needed. Eventually, the development of new sensing technologies, e.g., near infrared spectroscopy, may lead to a completely noninvasive system capable of monitoring a broad spectrum of analytes.
持续监测中主要临床关注的化学物质包括氧气、二氧化碳、pH值、钾和葡萄糖。尽管针对所有这些分析物都存在传感器，但用于血液化学检测的连续监测仪相对较少。回顾现有的电化学和光学方法以及预期的系统性能要求，有助于了解其中的原因。特别是，传感器系统的性能在很大程度上取决于其使用环境：经皮、血管内、肌肉内等。对危重症患者进行“实时”连续监测的未来成功与接受，可能并不需要开发用于其他物质的新传感器。相反，需要提高现有设备的稳定性，并保护传感器的化学性质不受环境影响。最终，新传感技术的发展，例如近红外光谱技术，可能会带来一种能够监测多种分析物的完全无创系统。
