Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
World J Pediatr. 2011 Nov;7(4):311-7. doi: 10.1007/s12519-011-0327-z. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that results in permanent disability for injured children. Among all etiologies of SCI, motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause and account for 29% of all traumatic SCIs in children. We tried to evaluate types and mechanisms of MVC-related spinal column and spinal cord injuries, risk factors, safety issues and legislation.
A literature review was performed using PubMed from 1966 to 12th April 2010 with the following key words: children OR pediatric, spine, injury OR trauma, restraint, seat belt, motor vehicle, road OR traffic, collision OR crash, safety. Cross referencing of discovered articles was also performed.
Risk factors for MVC-related SCI include single vehicle crashes, vehicle rollover, and ejection of the passenger from the vehicle. Any anatomic region of the spinal cord may be injured as a result of MVC and may vary according to the type of accident and restraint system usage. Increasing use of three-point seat belts, which are more protective than isolated lap seat belts, has decreased the incidence of MVC-related SCI. There is evidence that airbag use without seatbelt use is associated with an increased risk of cervical spine fractures with or without SCI. Vehicle designers need to give more attention to the prevention of vehicle rollover and to improve occupant protection when rollover occurs.
MVC is a common cause of SCI in children; therefore, paying attention to risk factors and modes of prevention is important. As MVC-related SCI can lead to permanent disability, prevention and education play an important role in decreasing childrens' morbidity and mortality. Making behavior, roads and vehicles safer can significantly reduce MVC-related SCI in children.
脊髓损伤（SCI）是一种破坏性事件，会导致受伤儿童永久残疾。在所有 SCI 的病因中，机动车事故（MVC）是主要原因，占儿童所有创伤性 SCI 的 29%。我们试图评估 MVC 相关脊柱和脊髓损伤的类型和机制、危险因素、安全问题和立法。
使用 PubMed 从 1966 年至 2010 年 4 月 12 日进行了文献复习，使用的关键词如下：儿童或儿科、脊柱、损伤或创伤、约束、安全带、机动车、道路或交通、碰撞或碰撞、安全。还对发现的文章进行了交叉引用。
MVC 相关 SCI 的危险因素包括单车事故、车辆翻车和乘客从车辆中抛出。MVC 可导致脊髓的任何解剖区域受伤，并且可能因事故类型和约束系统使用而有所不同。越来越多的使用三点式安全带（比单独的膝部安全带更具保护性）降低了 MVC 相关 SCI 的发生率。有证据表明，不使用安全带而使用安全气囊会增加颈椎骨折伴或不伴 SCI 的风险。车辆设计者需要更加注意防止车辆翻车，并在翻车时改善乘员保护。
MVC 是儿童 SCI 的常见原因；因此，关注危险因素和预防方式很重要。由于 MVC 相关 SCI 可导致永久性残疾，预防和教育在降低儿童发病率和死亡率方面发挥着重要作用。使行为、道路和车辆更安全可以显著降低儿童 MVC 相关 SCI 的发生率。
