Keck Kristin M, Pemberton Lucy F
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Mar;1819(3-4):277-89. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.09.007. Epub 2011 Oct 8.
Histone chaperones are proteins that shield histones from nonspecific interactions until they are assembled into chromatin. After their synthesis in the cytoplasm, histones are bound by different histone chaperones, subjected to a series of posttranslational modifications and imported into the nucleus. These evolutionarily conserved modifications, including acetylation and methylation, can occur in the cytoplasm, but their role in regulating import is not well understood. As part of histone import complexes, histone chaperones may serve to protect the histones during transport, or they may be using histones to promote their own nuclear localization. In addition, there is evidence that histone chaperones can play an active role in the import of histones. Histone chaperones have also been shown to regulate the localization of important chromatin modifying enzymes. This review is focused on the role histone chaperones play in the early biogenesis of histones, the distinct cytoplasmic subcomplexes in which histone chaperones have been found in both yeast and mammalian cells and the importins/karyopherins and nuclear localization signals that mediate the nuclear import of histones. We also address the role that histone chaperone localization plays in human disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Histone chaperones and chromatin assembly.
组蛋白伴侣是一类蛋白质，它们在组蛋白组装成染色质之前保护其免受非特异性相互作用的影响。在细胞质中合成后，组蛋白与不同的组蛋白伴侣结合，经历一系列翻译后修饰，然后被导入细胞核。这些在进化上保守的修饰，包括乙酰化和甲基化，可发生在细胞质中，但其在调节导入过程中的作用尚不清楚。作为组蛋白导入复合物的一部分，组蛋白伴侣可能在运输过程中保护组蛋白，或者它们可能利用组蛋白来促进自身的核定位。此外，有证据表明组蛋白伴侣在组蛋白的导入过程中可以发挥积极作用。组蛋白伴侣还被证明可以调节重要染色质修饰酶的定位。本综述重点关注组蛋白伴侣在组蛋白早期生物合成中的作用、在酵母和哺乳动物细胞中发现组蛋白伴侣的不同细胞质亚复合物，以及介导组蛋白核输入的输入蛋白/核转运蛋白和核定位信号。我们还讨论了组蛋白伴侣定位在人类疾病中的作用。本文是名为“组蛋白伴侣与染色质组装”的特刊的一部分。
