Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Oct 21;12(11):735-47. doi: 10.1038/nrm3217.
The N-end rule defines the protein-destabilizing activity of a given amino-terminal residue and its post-translational modification. Since its discovery 25 years ago, the pathway involved in the N-end rule has been thought to target only a limited set of specific substrates of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Recent studies have provided insights into the components, substrates, functions and structural basis of substrate recognition. The N-end rule pathway is now emerging as a major cellular proteolytic system, in which the majority of proteins are born with or acquire specific N-terminal degradation determinants through protein-specific or global post-translational modifications.
N 端规则定义了特定氨基末端残基的蛋白不稳定活性及其翻译后修饰。自 25 年前发现以来，人们一直认为参与 N 端规则的途径仅靶向泛素蛋白酶体系统的一组有限的特定底物。最近的研究提供了对组成成分、底物、功能和结构基础的深入了解。N 端规则途径现在正在成为一种主要的细胞蛋白水解系统，其中大多数蛋白质通过蛋白质特异性或全局翻译后修饰在出生时或获得特定的 N 端降解决定因素。
