González-Valdivia Noel, Ochoa-Gaona Susana, Pozo Carmen, Ferguson Bruce Gordon, Rangel-Ruiz Luis José, Arriaga-Weiss Stefan Louis, Ponce-Mendoza Alejandro, Kampichler Christian
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Sistemas de Producción Alternativos, Apdo. Postal 1042, Admón. de Correos de Tabasco 2000, 86031 Villahermosa, Tabasco, México.
Rev Biol Trop. 2011 Sep;59(3):1433-51.
Ecological indicators of habitat and biodiversity in a Neotropical landscape: multitaxonomic perspective. The use of indicator species to characterize specific ecological areas is of high importance in conservation/restoration biology. The objective of this study was to identify indicator species of diverse taxa that characterize different landscape units, and to better understand how management alters species composition. We identified two ecomosaics, tropical rain forest and the agricultural matrix, each one comprised of four landscape units. The taxonomic groups studied included birds (highly mobile), butterflies (moderately mobile), terrestrial gastropods (less mobile) and trees (sessile). Sampling efficiency for both ecomosaics was > or = 86%. We found 50 mollusks, 74 butterflies, 218 birds and 172 tree species, for a total of 514 species. Using ordination and cluster analysis, we distinguished three habitat types in the landscape: tropical rainforest, secondary vegetation and pastures with scattered trees and live fences. The InVal (> or = 50%) method identified 107 indicator species, including 45 tree species, 38 birds, 14 butterflies and 10 gastropods. Of these, 35 trees, 10 birds, four butterflies and eight gastropods were forest indicators. Additionally, 10, 28, 10 and two species, respectively per group, were characteristic of the agricultural matrix. Our results revealed a pattern of diversity decrease of indicator species along the rainforest-secondary forest-pasture gradient. In the forest, the gastropods Carychium exiguum, Coelocentrum turris, Glyphyalinia aff. indentata y Helicina oweniana were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with 90% of the other groups of flora and fauna indicator species. These findings suggest that gastropods may be good indicators of forest habitat quality and biodiversity. The secondary vegetation is an intermediate disturbance phase that fosters high diversity in the agricultural matrix. We exemplify a multitaxa approach, including mesofauna, for ecological monitoring of agricultural landscapes.
多分类学视角。在保护/恢复生物学中，使用指示物种来表征特定生态区域具有至关重要的意义。本研究的目的是识别表征不同景观单元的不同分类群的指示物种，并更好地理解管理如何改变物种组成。我们识别出两种生态镶嵌体，热带雨林和农业基质，每种都由四个景观单元组成。所研究的分类群包括鸟类（高度移动）、蝴蝶（中等移动）、陆生腹足类动物（移动性较差）和树木（固着）。两种生态镶嵌体的采样效率均≥86%。我们发现了50种软体动物、74种蝴蝶、218种鸟类和172种树木，共计514个物种。通过排序和聚类分析，我们在景观中区分出三种栖息地类型：热带雨林、次生植被以及有散生树木和活篱笆的牧场。InVal（≥50%）方法识别出107种指示物种，包括45种树木、38种鸟类、14种蝴蝶和10种腹足类动物。其中，35种树木、10种鸟类、4种蝴蝶和8种腹足类动物是森林指示物种。此外，每组分别有10种、28种、10种和2种物种是农业基质的特征物种。我们的结果揭示了指示物种沿雨林 - 次生林 - 牧场梯度多样性下降的模式。在森林中，腹足类动物微小 Carychium、塔形 Coelocentrum、近似 Glyphyalinia indentata 和欧文 Helicina oweniana 与90%的其他动植物指示物种组显著相关（p < 0.05）。这些发现表明腹足类动物可能是森林栖息地质量和生物多样性的良好指示物种。次生植被是一个中间干扰阶段，促进了农业基质中的高多样性。我们举例说明了一种包括中型动物群的多分类群方法，用于农业景观的生态监测。
