Merlos Dalia Sánchez, Harvey Celia A, Grijalva Alfredo, Medina Arnulfo, Vílchez Sergio, Hernández Blas
Fundación Cocibolca Apdo. -- 212. Managua, Nicaragua.
Rev Biol Trop. 2005 Sep-Dec;53(3-4):387-414.
The diversity, composition and structure of vegetation in a cattle landscape in Matiguás, Nicaragua was characterized, and the floristic and structural differences of six types of habitats (secondary forests, riparian forests, charrales, live fences and pastures with high and low tree cover) were compared. A total of 3 949 trees of 180 species and 52 families were recorded. Forty six percent of the total trees reported for the landscape were represented by Guazuma ulmifolia (18.5%), Bursera simaruha (13.2%), Tabebuia rosea (6.3%), Enterolobium cyclocarpum (4.2%) and Albizia saman (3.4%). Many of the dominant species in the landscape were typical of open and disturbed areas. There were significant differences between the different habitats in the patterns of tree species richness, abundance, diversity, structure and floristic composition. The riparian forests had greater tree richness (p=0.0001) and diversity (p=0.0009) than other habitats. The floristic composition varied across habitats. with pairs of habitats sharing between 18.4 and 51.6% of the same tree species, and with clear differences in composition between the forested (riparian and secondary forests) and agricultural habitats. Of the habitats studied, the riparian forests and secondary forests seem to have greatest value for the conservation of the flora in the agropaisaje because they have the greatest species richness, and maintain small populations of endangered species. On the basis of the study, we recommend including agricultural landscapes in strategies to conserve tree diversity and suggest measures to ensure the maintenance of tree diversity in the Matiguas landscape.
对尼加拉瓜马蒂瓜斯一处养牛场景观中的植被多样性、组成和结构进行了特征描述，并比较了六种栖息地类型（次生林、河岸林、灌丛、活篱笆以及高树覆盖和低树覆盖的牧场）的植物区系和结构差异。共记录了52科180种的3949棵树。该景观中报告的树木总数的46%由榆树瓜苏马（18.5%）、裂榄（13.2%）、粉花风铃木（6.3%）、象耳豆（4.2%）和雨树（3.4%）代表。该景观中的许多优势物种是开阔和受干扰地区的典型物种。不同栖息地在树种丰富度、丰度、多样性、结构和植物区系组成模式上存在显著差异。河岸林的树木丰富度（p = 0.0001）和多样性（p = 0.0009）高于其他栖息地。植物区系组成因栖息地而异。成对的栖息地共有18.4%至51.6%的相同树种，森林栖息地（河岸林和次生林）与农业栖息地之间的组成存在明显差异。在所研究的栖息地中，河岸林和次生林似乎对农业景观中的植物群保护具有最大价值，因为它们具有最高的物种丰富度，并维持着少量濒危物种种群。基于这项研究，我们建议将农业景观纳入保护树木多样性的策略中，并提出确保马蒂瓜斯景观中树木多样性得以维持的措施。
