Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0375, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2011 Nov;244(1):29-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01060.x.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily members mediate the cellular response to a wide variety of biological inputs. The responses range from cell death, survival, differentiation, proliferation, to the regulation of immunity. All these physiological responses are regulated by a limited number of highly pleiotropic kinases. The fact that the same signaling molecules are involved in transducing signals from TNFR superfamily members that regulate different and even opposing processes raises the question of how their specificity is determined. Regulatory strategies that can contribute to signaling specificity include scaffolding to control kinase specificity, combinatorial use of several signal transducers, and temporal control of signaling. In this review, we discuss these strategies in the context of TNFR superfamily member signaling.
肿瘤坏死因子受体（TNFR）超家族成员介导细胞对各种生物输入的反应。这些反应范围从细胞死亡、存活、分化、增殖到免疫调节。所有这些生理反应都受到少数高度多效性激酶的调节。事实上，相同的信号分子参与传递来自 TNFR 超家族成员的信号，这些信号调节不同甚至相反的过程，这就提出了一个问题，即它们的特异性是如何确定的。有助于信号特异性的调控策略包括支架以控制激酶特异性、几种信号转导物的组合使用以及信号传递的时间控制。在这篇综述中，我们将在 TNFR 超家族成员信号的背景下讨论这些策略。
