Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2012;52:381-400. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134537. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central controller of cell growth and proliferation. mTOR forms two distinct complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). mTORC1 is regulated by multiple signals such as growth factors, amino acids, and cellular energy and regulates numerous essential cellular processes including translation, transcription, and autophagy. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor and signal transducer that is regulated by a wide array of metabolic stresses. These two pathways serve as a signaling nexus for regulating cellular metabolism, energy homeostasis, and cell growth, and dysregulation of each pathway may contribute to the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. This review focuses on our current understanding of the relationship between AMPK and mTORC1 signaling and discusses their roles in cellular and organismal energy homeostasis.
哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）是细胞生长和增殖的中央控制器。mTOR 形成两个不同的复合物，mTOR 复合物 1（mTORC1）和 mTOR 复合物 2（mTORC2）。mTORC1 受多种信号的调节，如生长因子、氨基酸和细胞能量，并调节许多重要的细胞过程，包括翻译、转录和自噬。AMP 激活的蛋白激酶（AMPK）是一种细胞能量传感器和信号转导器，受多种代谢应激的调节。这两条途径作为调节细胞代谢、能量平衡和细胞生长的信号枢纽，而每条途径的失调可能导致代谢紊乱的发生，如肥胖、2 型糖尿病和癌症。本综述重点介绍了我们目前对 AMPK 和 mTORC1 信号之间关系的理解，并讨论了它们在细胞和机体能量平衡中的作用。
