Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2013 May;38(5):233-42. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2013.01.004. Epub 2013 Mar 1.
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved protein kinase involved in a multitude of cellular processes including cell growth. Increased mTOR activation is observed in multiple human cancers and inhibition of mTOR has proven efficacious in numerous clinical trials. mTOR comprises two complexes, termed mTORC1 and mTORC2. Both complexes respond to growth factors, whereas only mTORC1 is controlled by nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids. Since the discovery of mTOR, extensive studies have intricately detailed the molecular mechanisms by which mTORC1 is regulated. Somewhat paradoxically, amino acid (AA)-induced mTORC1 activation -arguably the most essential stimulus leading to mTORC1 activation - is the least understood. Here we review the current knowledge of nutrient-dependent regulation of mTORC1.
哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）是一种保守的蛋白激酶，参与多种细胞过程，包括细胞生长。在多种人类癌症中观察到 mTOR 的激活增加，并且抑制 mTOR 在许多临床试验中已被证明有效。mTOR 由两个复合物组成，称为 mTORC1 和 mTORC2。这两个复合物都对生长因子有反应，而只有 mTORC1 受葡萄糖和氨基酸等营养素的控制。自从发现 mTOR 以来，广泛的研究详细阐述了 mTORC1 调控的分子机制。有些矛盾的是，氨基酸（AA）诱导的 mTORC1 激活——可以说是导致 mTORC1 激活的最基本刺激——是最不为人知的。在这里，我们回顾了营养依赖的 mTORC1 调节的最新知识。
