Centro de Salud Fuentes de Ebro, Zaragoza, Spain.
Respir Med. 2012 Mar;106(3):367-73. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.09.014. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
There is ample evidence of the differences between genders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that contribute to these differences.
This was a multi-center, cross-sectional observational study including 4574 patients of 40 years of age and older who attended primary care and pulmonary clinics. Data were collected on COPD characteristics, comorbidities, quality of life as assessed by both the EuroQoL 5D questionnaire (EQ-5D) and the Airways Questionnaire 20 (AQ20), and prevalence of anxiety and depression. Data collected were compared between males and females.
Mean age was 67 years and 740 patients (16.7%) were female. Women were significantly younger, had better pulmonary function, and smoked less; however, they showed poorer quality of life (EQ-5D: 0.6 [SD = 0.3] versus 0.7 [0.3]; p < 0.001; and AQ20: 10.4 [SD = 4.6] versus 9.2 [SD = 4.5]; p < 0.001) and a higher rate of anxiety (34.5% versus 20.6%; p < 0.001) and depression (31.7% versus 22.1%; p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, female gender was significantly associated to poorer quality of life (AQ20) but not to a higher rate of dyspnea.
Women with COPD are younger and have lower rates of impaired lung function; however, they show poorer quality of life and more frequent COPD-associated anxiety and depression.
有大量证据表明，慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）在性别方面存在差异。本研究的目的是确定导致这些差异的因素。
这是一项多中心、横断面观察性研究，纳入了 4574 名年龄在 40 岁及以上、在初级保健和肺病诊所就诊的患者。收集了 COPD 特征、合并症、生活质量（通过 EuroQoL 5D 问卷（EQ-5D）和 Airways Questionnaire 20（AQ20）评估）以及焦虑和抑郁的患病率数据。比较了男性和女性的数据。
平均年龄为 67 岁，740 名患者（16.7%）为女性。女性患者明显更年轻，肺功能更好，吸烟更少；然而，她们的生活质量更差（EQ-5D：0.6 [SD=0.3] 与 0.7 [0.3]；p<0.001；和 AQ20：10.4 [SD=4.6] 与 9.2 [SD=4.5]；p<0.001），焦虑（34.5% 与 20.6%；p<0.001）和抑郁（31.7% 与 22.1%；p<0.001）的发生率更高。在多变量分析中，女性性别与较差的生活质量（AQ20）显著相关，但与呼吸困难发生率较高无关。
COPD 女性患者更年轻，肺功能受损程度较低；然而，她们的生活质量较差，更常出现 COPD 相关的焦虑和抑郁。
