Department of Nursing, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete, P.O. Box 1939, Heraklion 71004, Crete, Greece.
Soc Sci Med. 2011 Dec;73(11):1653-60. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.09.020. Epub 2011 Oct 7.
This cohort study aimed to estimate the effect of individual maternal social capital during pregnancy on birth outcomes in the context of the Mother-child cohort (Rhea study), in Crete-Greece. Women were recruited from four prenatal clinics in Heraklion-Crete for one year beginning in February 2007. 610 women completed the self-administered Social Capital Questionnaire at about the 24th week of gestation. The scale assessed total maternal social capital and four social capital subscales: Participation in the Community, Feelings of Safety, Value of Life and Social Agency, and Tolerance of Diversity. Potential confounders included characteristics that have an established or potential association with the maternal social capital, and the birth outcomes (preterm birth, small weight for the gestational age, fetal weight growth restriction, weight, length and head circumference). The results of logistic and linear regression models indicated that there was an increase in the risk of preterm birth for every unit increase in maternal participation (range 12-48), and especially in the risk of medically indicated preterm birth. Although the findings suggest that participation is associated with an increased probability for preterm birth, we cannot know whether this is a protective or damaging social capital effect. Women who participate more in their communities may have enhanced access to information and/or resources, easier access to health care and support when they face maternal and fetal conditions that trigger the need for medical intervention. On the other hand, women may be more exposed to social and/or environmental stressors. Future research needs to distinguish between different types of participation and different components of social capital to better understand their associations with birth outcomes.
这项队列研究旨在估计孕妇个体社会资本对希腊克里特岛雷亚研究（Rhea study）中母婴队列出生结局的影响。2007 年 2 月开始，在克里特岛首府伊拉克利翁的四家产前诊所招募了一年的女性。610 名女性在妊娠第 24 周左右完成了社会资本问卷的自我评估。该量表评估了总孕产妇社会资本和四个社会资本子量表：社区参与度、安全感、生命价值感和社会能动性以及对多样性的包容度。潜在的混杂因素包括与孕产妇社会资本和出生结局（早产、出生体重低于胎龄、胎儿体重生长受限、体重、长度和头围）有既定或潜在关联的特征。逻辑回归和线性回归模型的结果表明，孕产妇参与度每增加一个单位，早产的风险就会增加（范围 12-48），尤其是有医学指征的早产风险增加。尽管这些发现表明参与度与早产的概率增加有关，但我们无法确定这是一种保护还是破坏性的社会资本效应。更多参与社区活动的女性可能会更容易获得信息和/或资源，当她们面临可能需要医疗干预的母婴情况时，也更容易获得医疗保健和支持。另一方面，女性可能会更多地暴露于社会和/或环境压力源。未来的研究需要区分不同类型的参与和社会资本的不同组成部分，以更好地理解它们与出生结局的关系。
