Langer J E, Meyer S J, Dalinka M K
Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Radiol Clin North Am. 1990 Sep;28(5):975-90.
MR imaging has become the primary imaging modality of the knee. Its advantages include its noninvasive nature, multiplanar imaging capability, excellent soft-tissue contrast, and high resolution. The need for multiple imaging modalities is obviated, as the menisci, cruciate ligaments, synovium, articular cartilage, marrow, and periarticular soft tissues can be simultaneously evaluated. Other imaging modalities may occasionally be helpful in the evaluation of specific problems including CT in tibial plateau fractures, real-time ultrasound for the confirmation of a popliteal cyst or popliteal artery aneurysm, and arthrography for the detection of prosthetic joint loosening.
磁共振成像（MR成像）已成为膝关节的主要成像方式。其优点包括无创性、多平面成像能力、出色的软组织对比度和高分辨率。由于半月板、交叉韧带、滑膜、关节软骨、骨髓和关节周围软组织可同时进行评估，因此无需使用多种成像方式。其他成像方式偶尔可能有助于评估特定问题，包括用于胫骨平台骨折的CT、用于确认腘窝囊肿或腘动脉瘤的实时超声以及用于检测人工关节松动的关节造影。
