Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
IEEE Trans Image Process. 2011 Dec;20(12):3322-40. doi: 10.1109/TIP.2011.2171700. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
A computational camera uses a combination of optics and processing to produce images that cannot be captured with traditional cameras. In the last decade, computational imaging has emerged as a vibrant field of research. A wide variety of computational cameras has been demonstrated to encode more useful visual information in the captured images, as compared with conventional cameras. In this paper, we survey computational cameras from two perspectives. First, we present a taxonomy of computational camera designs according to the coding approaches, including object side coding, pupil plane coding, sensor side coding, illumination coding, camera arrays and clusters, and unconventional imaging systems. Second, we use the abstract notion of light field representation as a general tool to describe computational camera designs, where each camera can be formulated as a projection of a high-dimensional light field to a 2-D image sensor. We show how individual optical devices transform light fields and use these transforms to illustrate how different computational camera designs (collections of optical devices) capture and encode useful visual information.
一种计算相机使用光学和处理的组合来生成传统相机无法捕捉的图像。在过去的十年中，计算成像是一个充满活力的研究领域。与传统相机相比，已经展示了各种各样的计算相机，以在捕获的图像中编码更有用的视觉信息。在本文中，我们从两个角度调查计算相机。首先，我们根据编码方法为计算相机设计提出了分类法，包括物体侧编码、瞳孔平面编码、传感器侧编码、照明编码、相机阵列和集群以及非传统成像系统。其次，我们使用光场表示的抽象概念作为一种通用工具来描述计算相机设计，其中每个相机都可以表示为高维光场到 2-D 图像传感器的投影。我们展示了单个光学器件如何变换光场，并使用这些变换来说明不同的计算相机设计（光学器件的集合）如何捕获和编码有用的视觉信息。
