School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Int J Psychol. 2009 Jun;44(3):195-203. doi: 10.1080/00207590701700537.
The present study pursued three aims. First, it sought to determine the distribution of types of identification among adult immigrants in France; second, it investigated certain determinants that might contribute to the emergence of exclusively French or ethnic identifications; and third, it attempted to assess the outcomes of French or ethnic identification strategies for well-being. Participants of the study were 6211 adult immigrants in France, aged between 45 and 70 years (M = 55.8, SD = 7.21), 53.6% males. Findings revealed that participants' dominant identification style of belonging was either French (n = 2758, 44.4%) or home country/ethnic group affiliation (n = 1899, 30.6%), with a greater tendency towards the former. In relation to the study second question, it was found that lower levels of education and involvement with French society, higher degrees of religiosity, and shorter lengths of residence in France were positively connected with home country/ethnic group identification as against French and vice versa. Stronger feelings of being settled in France and a command of French, and lower degrees of involvement with the initial national/ethnic community, were associated with a significant decrease in the likelihood of home country/ethnic group identification as against French and vice versa. While respondents' personal experiences of discrimination in home country/ethnic group before migration to France predicted a lower likelihood of home country/ethnic group identification compared to French and vice versa, immigrants' reports of being discriminated against in France had no significant effect on identification choices. Findings revealed also that those identifying with their home country/ethnic group recorded relatively higher degrees of maladjustment than those asserting a French identification.
本研究旨在实现三个目标。首先，确定法国成年移民中认同类型的分布；其次，探究有助于形成纯粹法国认同或族群认同的某些决定因素；最后，评估法国认同或族群认同策略对幸福感的影响。该研究的参与者是 6211 名年龄在 45 至 70 岁之间（M = 55.8，SD = 7.21）的法国成年移民，其中 53.6%为男性。研究结果表明，参与者主要的归属感认同风格是法国认同（n = 2758，44.4%）或原籍国/族群认同（n = 1899，30.6%），前者的倾向更为明显。关于研究的第二个问题，发现较低的教育程度和对法国社会的参与度、较高的宗教信仰程度以及在法国居住时间较短与原籍国/族群认同呈正相关，而与法国认同呈负相关；反之亦然。强烈的定居在法国的感觉和对法语的掌握程度，以及与最初的民族/族裔社区的较低参与度，与原籍国/族群认同相对于法国认同的可能性显著降低有关；反之亦然。与在法国移民前在原籍国/族群中经历的歧视相比，受访者在法国的个人歧视经历预测其原籍国/族群认同的可能性较低，而法国移民的歧视报告对认同选择没有显著影响。研究结果还表明，与那些认同自己原籍国/族群的人相比，那些主张法国认同的人相对更容易适应。
