McCullough James P, Lord Benjamin D, Martin Aaron M, Conley Kathryn A, Schramm Elisabeth, Klein Daniel N
Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2018, USA.
Am J Psychother. 2011;65(3):225-48. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2011.65.3.225.
An interpersonal-emotional history procedure, the Significant Other History, is administered to the early-onset chronically depressed patient during the second therapy session in the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP). Patients are asked to name up to six significant others and answer two questions: (1) What was it like growing up with or being around this person? (2) What is the emotional "stamp" you take from this relationship that informs who you are today? An interpersonal-emotional theme reflecting the early learning history of the patient is derived from these "stamps" or causal theory conclusions. One transference hypothesis (TH) is derived from the Significant Other History (SOH) and is formulated in one sentence, such as "If I do this, then the therapist will likely do that" (e.g., "If I make a mistake around Dr. E, then Dr. E will label me 'stupid' or 'incompetent"). The transference hypothesis highlights the interpersonal content that most likely informs the patient's expectancy of the therapist's reactions toward him or her. Throughout the therapy process, the therapist will proactively employ the transference hypothesis in a technique known as the Interpersonal Discrimination Exercise to help patients cognitively and emotionally discriminate the practitioner from hurtful significant others. The goal here is to increase the patient's felt safety within the therapeutic dyad and eventually to generalize the felt safety to the patient's other relationships.
一种人际情感史程序,即重要他人史,在认知行为分析心理治疗系统(CBASP)的第二次治疗 session 中应用于早发性慢性抑郁症患者。要求患者说出最多六个重要他人,并回答两个问题:(1)与这个人一起成长或在其身边是什么样的?(2)你从这段关系中获得的情感“印记”是什么,它塑造了你今天的样子?一个反映患者早期学习历史的人际情感主题从这些“印记”或因果理论结论中推导得出。一个移情假设(TH)从重要他人史(SOH)中推导得出,并以一句话表述,例如“如果我这样做,那么治疗师可能会那样做”(例如,“如果我在 E 医生面前犯错,那么 E 医生会给我贴上‘愚蠢’或‘无能’的标签”)。移情假设突出了最有可能影响患者对治疗师对其反应预期的人际内容。在整个治疗过程中,治疗师会在一种称为人际辨别练习的技术中主动运用移情假设,以帮助患者在认知和情感上区分治疗师与有害的重要他人。这里的目标是增强患者在治疗二元组中的安全感,并最终将这种安全感推广到患者的其他关系中。