Sumida Masayuki, Satou Naoki, Yoshikawa Natsuhiko, Kurabayashi Atsushi, Islam Mohammed Mafizul, Igawa Takeshi, Oumi Shohei, Katsuren Seiki, Ota Hidetoshi, Shintani Nozomi, Fukuniwa Hiroko, Sano Naomi, Fujii Tamotsu
Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
Zoolog Sci. 2011 Nov;28(11):834-9. doi: 10.2108/zsj.28.834.
Odorrana ishikawae is listed as a class IB endangered species in the IUCN Red List and is protected by law in both Okinawa and Kagoshima Prefectures, Japan. Here, in an effort to help effectively preserve the genetic diversity of this endangered species in the laboratory, we tested a farming technique involving the artificial breeding of frogs, and also promoted natural breeding in the laboratory. Field-caught male/female pairs of the Amami and Okinawa Island populations were artificially bred using an artificial insemination method in the 2004, 2006, and 2008 breeding seasons (March to April). Although fewer than 50% of the inseminated eggs achieved metamorphosis, approximately 500, 300, and 250 offspring from the three respective trials are currently being raised in the laboratory. During the 2009 and 2010 breeding seasons, second-generation offspring were produced by the natural mating activities of the first offspring derived from the two artificial matings in 2004. The findings and the methods presented here appear to be applicable to the temporary protection of genetic diversity of local populations in which the number of individuals has decreased or the environmental conditions have worsened to levels that frogs are unable to survive by themselves.
石川臭蛙在世界自然保护联盟红色名录中被列为IB类濒危物种，在日本冲绳县和鹿儿岛县均受到法律保护。在此，为了在实验室中有效保护这种濒危物种的遗传多样性，我们测试了一种涉及青蛙人工繁殖的养殖技术，并在实验室中促进自然繁殖。在2004年、2006年和2008年繁殖季节（3月至4月），使用人工授精方法对从野外捕获的奄美岛和冲绳岛种群的雌雄蛙进行人工繁殖。尽管受精的卵中不到50%发育为变态幼蛙，但目前实验室中分别饲养着来自这三次试验的约500只、300只和250只后代。在2009年和2010年繁殖季节，2004年两次人工交配产生的第一代后代通过自然交配活动产出了第二代后代。本文介绍的研究结果和方法似乎适用于对当地种群遗传多样性的临时保护，这些种群的个体数量已经减少，或者环境条件已经恶化到青蛙无法独自生存的程度。
