额外的性梳、染色质和癌症：探索果蝇中的表观遗传调控和肿瘤发生。
Extra sex combs, chromatin, and cancer: exploring epigenetic regulation and tumorigenesis in Drosophila.
机构信息
Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
出版信息
J Genet Genomics. 2011 Oct 20;38(10):453-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2011.09.007. Epub 2011 Sep 24.
Developmental genetic studies in Drosophila unraveled the importance of Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) genes in controlling cellular identity. PcG and TrxG proteins form histone modifying complexes that catalyze repressive or activating histone modifications, respectively, and thus maintaining the expression status of homeotic genes. Human orthologs of PcG and TrxG genes are implicated in tumorigenesis as well as in determining the prognosis of individual cancers. Recent whole genome analyses of cancers also highlighted the importance of histone modifying proteins in controlling tumorigenesis. Comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic relationship between histone regulation and tumorigenesis holds the promise of significantly advancing our understanding and management of cancer. It is anticipated that Drosophila melanogaster, the model organism that contributed significantly to our understanding of the functional role of histone regulation in development, could also provide unique insight for our understanding of how histone dysregulation can lead to cancer. In this review, we will discuss several recent advances in this regard.
在果蝇中的发育遗传学研究揭示了 Polycomb 组（PcG）和 Trithorax 组（TrxG）基因在控制细胞身份方面的重要性。PcG 和 TrxG 蛋白形成组蛋白修饰复合物，分别催化抑制性或激活性组蛋白修饰，从而维持同源基因的表达状态。PcG 和 TrxG 基因的人类同源物与肿瘤发生以及确定个别癌症的预后有关。最近对癌症的全基因组分析也强调了组蛋白修饰蛋白在控制肿瘤发生中的重要性。全面了解组蛋白调控与肿瘤发生之间的机制关系有望极大地提高我们对癌症的理解和管理水平。预计果蝇（melanogaster），这个在我们理解组蛋白调控在发育中的功能作用方面做出了重要贡献的模式生物，也能为我们理解组蛋白失调如何导致癌症提供独特的见解。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论这方面的一些最新进展。
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