Pediatrics. 2011 Nov;128(5):1023-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-1761. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
Pediatricians can play a key role in preventing and controlling HIV infection by promoting risk-reduction counseling and offering routine HIV testing to adolescent and young adult patients. Most sexually active youth do not feel that they are at risk of contracting HIV and have never been tested. Obtaining a sexual history and creating an atmosphere that promotes nonjudgmental risk counseling is a key component of the adolescent visit. In light of increasing numbers of people with HIV/AIDS and missed opportunities for HIV testing, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends universal and routine HIV testing for all patients seen in health care settings who are 13 to 64 years of age. There are advances in diagnostics and treatment that help support this recommendation. This policy statement reviews the epidemiologic data and recommends that routine screening be offered to all adolescents at least once by 16 to 18 years of age in health care settings when the prevalence of HIV in the patient population is more than 0.1%. In areas of lower community HIV prevalence, routine HIV testing is encouraged for all sexually active adolescents and those with other risk factors for HIV. This statement addresses many of the real and perceived barriers that pediatricians face in promoting routine HIV testing for their patients.
儿科医生可以通过促进降低风险咨询和为青少年和年轻成年患者提供常规 HIV 检测，在预防和控制 HIV 感染方面发挥关键作用。大多数性活跃的年轻人并不认为自己有感染 HIV 的风险，也从未接受过检测。获取性史并营造一种促进非评判性风险咨询的氛围，是青少年就诊的关键组成部分。鉴于艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者人数不断增加，以及错过 HIV 检测机会，疾病控制与预防中心建议在卫生保健机构中，对所有 13 至 64 岁的患者进行普遍和常规的 HIV 检测。诊断和治疗方面的进步有助于支持这一建议。本政策声明审查了流行病学数据，并建议在卫生保健机构中，当患者人群中 HIV 的流行率超过 0.1%时，至少在 16 至 18 岁时，向所有青少年至少进行一次常规筛查。在社区 HIV 流行率较低的地区，鼓励对所有性活跃的青少年和具有其他 HIV 风险因素的青少年进行常规 HIV 检测。本声明解决了儿科医生在为患者常规进行 HIV 检测方面面临的许多实际和感知到的障碍。
