The role of lymphadenectomy for testicular cancer: indications, controversies, and complications.

Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy remains an integral component in the multidisciplinary management of testicular cancer. Through the evolution of the procedure, continued refinements have led to diagnostic and therapeutic benefits as well as improvements in perioperative and long-term morbidity. This article discusses the surgical management of testicular cancer, specifically addressing the indications, controversies, and complications of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for both low-stage and high-stage disease.