Gispert M, Faucitano L, Oliver M A, Guàrdia M D, Coll C, Siggens K, Harvey K, Diestre A
IRTA, Centre de Tecnologia de la Carn. Granja Camps i Armet, 17121 Monells, Spain.
Meat Sci. 2000 May;55(1):97-106. doi: 10.1016/s0309-1740(99)00130-8.
A total of 116 deliveries, comprising 15,695 commercial pigs delivered to five abattoirs, were surveyed during winter and summer. Information about on-farm fasting, transport duration and stocking density, and lairage time was collected. Cortisol, creatine phospho-kinase (CPK), and lactate, and DNA for halothane genotype were analysed in a subsample of pigs at exsanguination in every journey. Electrical conductivity (PQM) in semimembranosus muscle (SM) and carcass characteristics (Fat-o-Meater and skin damage) were measured in each carcass. pHu of SM was analysed in the laboratory in a subsample in every journey. Carcasses were identified as PSE or DFD based on PQM and pHu, respectively. The n gene frequency ranged among abattoirs from 54 to 8%. Mean lean content was 58.9% for nn, 57.3% for Nn, and 55.8% for NN pigs, though a difference of 2.5% lean was observed between two abattoirs with the same n gene frequency. A straight relationship of the incidence of serious PSE carcasses and n gene frequency was found. The overall incidence of serious PSE and DFD carcasses was 6.5 and 12.5%, respectively. A higher incidence of PSE carcasses was found in summer; in deliveries with <12 h on-farm fasting; with transport stocking densities >0.40 m(2)/100 kg pig; and in transports of <2 h duration. A higher incidence of DFD carcasses was found in winter; with transport stocking densities <0.40 m(2)/100 kg pig; transports of >2 h duration; and lairage times >9 h. Cortisol level in blood increased in winter and decreased after 12-18 h fasting time. A rise in the lactate concentration was observed in pigs transported in high stocking density (<0.40 m(2)/100 kg pig) and for a longer time (>2 h). All blood stress indices increase as increasing lairage time. Carcasses with more skin damage had higher levels of cortisol, CPK and lactate, and higher incidence of DFD meat, compared with non and low skin damage carcasses.
在冬季和夏季对总共116批次交付的15695头商品猪进行了调查，这些猪被送往五个屠宰场。收集了有关农场禁食、运输时长和饲养密度以及圈养时间的信息。在每次运输中放血时，对猪的一个子样本进行皮质醇、肌酸磷酸激酶（CPK）、乳酸以及氟烷基因型DNA的分析。测量每个胴体半膜肌（SM）的电导率（PQM）以及胴体特征（脂肪测定仪和皮肤损伤情况）。在每次运输中，对一个子样本在实验室分析SM的pHu。分别根据PQM和pHu将胴体鉴定为PSE或DFD。n基因频率在各屠宰场之间为54%至8%。nn型猪的平均瘦肉含量为58.9%，Nn型为57.3%，NN型为55.8%，不过在两个n基因频率相同的屠宰场之间观察到瘦肉含量有2.5%的差异。发现严重PSE胴体的发生率与n基因频率呈直线关系。严重PSE和DFD胴体的总体发生率分别为6.5%和12.5%。在夏季发现PSE胴体的发生率较高；农场禁食时间<12小时的交付批次；运输饲养密度>0.40平方米/100千克猪；以及运输时长<2小时的情况。在冬季发现DFD胴体的发生率较高；运输饲养密度<0.40平方米/100千克猪；运输时长>2小时；以及圈养时间>9小时的情况。冬季血液中的皮质醇水平升高，禁食12 - 18小时后降低。在高饲养密度（<0.40平方米/100千克猪）且运输时间较长（>2小时）的猪中观察到乳酸浓度升高。随着圈养时间增加，所有血液应激指标都会升高。与无皮肤损伤和低皮肤损伤的胴体相比，皮肤损伤较多的胴体皮质醇、CPK和乳酸水平更高，DFD肉的发生率也更高。
