Hardy K J
University Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.
Aust N Z J Surg. 1990 Oct;60(10):811-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1990.tb07479.x.
Liver surgery has grown over 2000 years from the mystic hepatoscopy of the Babylonians to the ultimate of orthotopic transplantation by Starzl in 1968. The first successful liver resection was for trauma by Hildanus in the 17th century. The first successful planned resection was by Langenbuch in 1888 and the first hemihepatectomy by Wendel in 1911. The principles of liver regeneration and liver haemostasis were determined in the period 1880-1900: Ponfick, Mayer, Kousnetzoff, Pensky and Pringle made significant contributions. Couinaud and Healey and Schroy popularized segmental anatomy: Lortat-Jacob and Robert performed the first inflow ligation resection and started the modern era. Starzl brought liver transplantation to its current status and Bismuth introduced hepatobiliary units as a means of optimizing treatment of liver disease.
肝脏手术在2000多年的时间里不断发展，从巴比伦人的神秘肝脏检查，发展到1968年施塔兹完成的原位肝移植这一巅峰成果。17世纪，希尔达努斯首次成功地进行了肝脏创伤切除术。1888年，朗根布赫首次成功地进行了计划性肝切除术，1911年，温德尔首次进行了半肝切除术。1880年至1900年期间确定了肝脏再生和肝脏止血的原则：蓬菲克、迈耶、库斯内佐夫、彭斯基和普林格尔都做出了重要贡献。库伊诺和希利以及施罗伊推广了肝段解剖学：洛塔-雅各布和罗伯特进行了首例入肝血流结扎切除术，开启了现代肝脏手术时代。施塔兹使肝移植达到了目前的水平，比斯穆特引入了肝胆单位，作为优化肝病治疗的一种手段。
