Foster J H
Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030-9984.
Arch Surg. 1991 Mar;126(3):381-7. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1991.01410270131020.
Although battle surgeons had débrided small bits of liver protruding through wounds since ancient times, formal entry into the peritoneal cavity to staunch hemorrhage due to trauma or to remove tumors or drain cysts had to await the advent of general anesthesia and antisepsis. After a burst of pioneering activity from 1880 to 1910, little progress was made until after World War II. In the last 40 years, remarkable advances have been made in the techniques of liver resection, our understanding of liver diseases requiring operation, and our ability to support patients through major resections. Liver transplantation epitomizes the challenges that can now be accepted, and its success augurs well for an increase in liver operations in the future.
尽管自古以来战地外科医生就会清理从伤口处突出的小块肝脏组织，但要正式进入腹腔以止住创伤引起的出血、切除肿瘤或引流囊肿，还得等到全身麻醉和防腐技术的出现。在1880年至1910年一阵开创性活动之后，直到第二次世界大战结束才有了些许进展。在过去40年里，肝脏切除技术、我们对需要手术的肝脏疾病的认识以及我们通过大型切除术支持患者的能力都取得了显著进步。肝移植是目前能够接受的挑战的典型代表，其成功预示着未来肝脏手术将会增加。
