Chouliara I, Samelis J, Kakouri A, Badeka A, Savvaidis I N, Riganakos K, Kontominas M G
Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
Meat Sci. 2006 Oct;74(2):303-11. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.03.021. Epub 2006 Apr 18.
Changes in microbiological and physicochemical quality attributes resulting from the use of irradiation in the production of Greek dry fermented sausage were investigated as a function of fermentation/ripening time. Results showed that irradiating meat/fat trimmings at 2 or 4kGy prior to sausage production eliminated natural contamination with Listeria spp., and reduced pseudomonads, enterococci and pathogenic staphylococci, and enterobacteria, to less than 2 and 1logcfug(-1), respectively. Pseudomonads were very sensitive (>3.4 log reduction) to either radiation dose. Yeasts were the most resistant followed by inherent lactic acid bacteria; their reductions on the trimmings were radiation dose-dependent. Residual effects of irradiation were noted against enterococci, but not against gram-negatives which died off fast during fermentation even in non-irradiated samples. Growth of the starter bacteria, Lactobacillus pentosus and Staphylococcus carnosus, inoculated in the sausage batters post-irradiation was unaffected by the 2 or 4kGy pre-treatment of the trimmings. Irradiation had little or no effect at the end of ripening period (28 days) on pH, moisture content and color (parameters L(∗), a(∗), and b(∗)). Changes in TBA values were small but statistically significant with irradiated samples having higher TBA values than control samples.
研究了在希腊干发酵香肠生产中使用辐照导致的微生物和理化质量属性变化与发酵/成熟时间的关系。结果表明，在香肠生产前对肉/脂肪边角料进行2或4千戈瑞的辐照，可消除李斯特菌属的自然污染，并将假单胞菌、肠球菌、致病性葡萄球菌和肠杆菌分别减少至低于2和1 logcfu g(-1)。假单胞菌对任何一种辐照剂量都非常敏感（减少>3.4 log）。酵母最具抗性，其次是固有乳酸菌；它们在边角料上的减少程度取决于辐照剂量。观察到辐照对肠球菌有残留影响，但对革兰氏阴性菌没有影响，即使在未辐照的样品中，革兰氏阴性菌在发酵过程中也迅速死亡。辐照后接种在香肠面糊中的发酵剂细菌戊糖片球菌和肉葡萄球菌的生长不受边角料2或4千戈瑞预处理的影响。在成熟期末（28天），辐照对pH值、水分含量和颜色（参数L(∗)、a(∗)和b(∗)）几乎没有影响。硫代巴比妥酸值的变化很小，但具有统计学意义，辐照样品的硫代巴比妥酸值高于对照样品。
