水泥行业工人的肺功能下降和慢性呼吸道症状：一项随访研究。
Lung function reduction and chronic respiratory symptoms among workers in the cement industry: a follow up study.
机构信息
Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
出版信息
BMC Pulm Med. 2011 Nov 8;11:50. doi: 10.1186/1471-2466-11-50.
BACKGROUND
There are only a few follow-up studies of respiratory function among cement workers. The main aims of this study were to measure total dust exposure, to examine chronic respiratory symptoms and changes in lung function among cement factory workers and controls that were followed for one year.
METHODS
The study was conducted in two cement factories in Ethiopia. Totally, 262 personal measurements of total dust among 105 randomly selected workers were performed. Samples of total dust were collected on 37-mm cellulose acetate filters placed in closed faced Millipore-cassettes. Totally 127 workers; 56 cleaners, 44 cement production workers and 27 controls were randomly selected from two factories and examined for lung function and interviewed for chronic respiratory symptoms in 2009. Of these, 91 workers; 38 cement cleaners (mean age 32 years), 33 cement production workers (36 years) and 20 controls (38 years) were examined with the same measurements in 2010.
RESULTS
Total geometric mean dust exposure among cleaners was 432 mg/m(3). The fraction of samples exceeding the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 10 mg/m(3) for the cleaners varied from 84-97% in the four departments. The levels were considerably lower among the production workers (GM = 8.2 mg/m(3)), but still 48% exceeded 10 mg/m(3).The prevalence of all the chronic respiratory symptoms among both cleaners and production workers was significantly higher than among the controls.Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV(1)) and FEV(1)/Forced Vital Capacity (FEV(1)/FVC) were significantly reduced from 2009 to 2010 among the cleaners (p < 0.002 and p < 0.004, respectively) and production workers (p < 0.05 and p < 0.02, respectively), but not among the controls.
CONCLUSIONS
The high prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and reduction in lung function is probably associated with high cement dust exposure. Preventive measures are needed to reduce the dust exposure.
背景
仅有少数关于水泥工人呼吸功能的随访研究。本研究的主要目的是测量总粉尘暴露，检测水泥厂工人和对照者的慢性呼吸道症状和肺功能变化，随访时间为一年。
方法
该研究在埃塞俄比亚的两家水泥厂进行。总共对 105 名随机选择的工人进行了 262 次个人总粉尘测量。总粉尘样品收集在放置于密理博盒式滤膜夹中的 37mm 醋酸纤维素滤膜上。2009 年，从两家工厂中随机选择了 127 名工人（56 名清洁工、44 名水泥生产工人和 27 名对照者）进行肺功能检查和慢性呼吸道症状访谈。其中，91 名工人（38 名水泥清洁工，平均年龄 32 岁；33 名水泥生产工人，平均年龄 36 岁；20 名对照者，平均年龄 38 岁）于 2010 年接受了相同的测量。
结果
清洁工的总几何平均粉尘暴露量为 432mg/m3。四个部门中，清洁工的超标率（超过 10mg/m3 的 TLV）从 84%到 97%不等。生产工人的粉尘水平要低得多（GM=8.2mg/m3），但仍有 48%超标。清洁工和生产工人的所有慢性呼吸道症状的患病率均显著高于对照组。与 2009 年相比，清洁工（p<0.002 和 p<0.004）和生产工人（p<0.05 和 p<0.02）的一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）和 FEV1/用力肺活量（FEV1/FVC）均显著降低，而对照组则没有。
结论
慢性呼吸道症状的高患病率和肺功能下降可能与高水泥粉尘暴露有关。需要采取预防措施来减少粉尘暴露。
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