Department of Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
Eur Addict Res. 2011;17(6):329-41. doi: 10.1159/000331003. Epub 2011 Nov 5.
The study explores the existence and types of law on compulsory commitment to care (CCC) of adult substance misusers in Europe and how such laws are related to variations in demographics, alcohol consumption and epidemiology in misuse of opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, temperance culture heritage, health and welfare expenditure, and involvement and role of the state in welfare distribution.
Legal information on laws on CCC of misusers was obtained primarily through a survey of 38 European countries. Predictors of laws on CCC, and types of such, were analyzed from country descriptors in multivariate models.
A majority (74%) of the explored countries have a law concerning CCC. The most common type of CCC law is within criminal justice legislation (45%), but civil CCC is almost as frequent (37%). These two models of CCC legislation are related to differences in cultural heritage and welfare distribution models.
Temperance cultures, i.e. countries with a history of a strong temperance movement, and countries with a Beveridgean distribution of welfare, i.e. through the state, tend to favor civil CCC, while countries with a Bismarckian distribution of welfare, i.e. through insurance with less state interference, tend to favor CCC within criminal justice legislation.
本研究探讨了欧洲存在的和有关成人物质滥用者强制护理（CCC）的法律类型，以及这些法律如何与滥用阿片类药物、可卡因、安非他命的人口统计学、酒精消费和流行病学变化、节制文化遗产、卫生和福利支出以及国家在福利分配中的参与和作用相关。
通过对 38 个欧洲国家的调查，主要获得了有关滥用者 CCC 法律的法律信息。通过多变量模型分析了 CCC 法律的预测因素和法律类型。
所研究的国家中，大多数（74%）都有关于 CCC 的法律。最常见的 CCC 法律类型是刑事司法立法（45%），但民事 CCC 也几乎同样常见（37%）。这两种 CCC 立法模式与文化遗产和福利分配模式的差异有关。
节制文化，即有强烈节制运动历史的国家，以及通过国家分配福利的贝弗里奇模式，即通过国家，往往倾向于支持民事 CCC，而通过保险、国家干预较少的俾斯麦模式分配福利的国家，则倾向于支持刑事司法立法中的 CCC。
