Marin-Leon Leticia, Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo, Segall-Corrêa Ana Maria, Panigassi Giseli
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2011 Sep;14(3):398-410. doi: 10.1590/s1415-790x2011000300005.
Data from the National Household Survey 2004 was analyzed to compare differences in prevalence among moderate or severe food insecurity. Also, it was compared food security or mild food insecurity households in relation to the assets and other socioeconomic and demographic conditions of the household.
Private permanent households, with per capita monthly income of up to one minimum wage and with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale answered by a household resident were studied (n=51,357). Association of variables with the dependent variable (food security) was verified using χ² test, with 5% significance level. Crude prevalence ratio, respective 95% confidence interval and adjusted analyses were carried out using Poisson multiple regression Stata 8.0. It considers the weights of the complex sampling design of the survey.
The per capita monthly household income was the variable with strongest association to food security. Both in urban and rural areas, there were higher risk of moderate or severe food insecurity prevalence ratio when the head of the household was a female, black color, presence of six or more members in the household, metropolitan area and with absence of some specific assets (stove, water filter, refrigerator, freezer, washing machine and cellular phone). In a model that, among assets, included just the refrigerator, it was observed the highest prevalence ratio for household income of up to ¼ of a minimum wage and after this, the absence of refrigerator among households headed by white and black males and white or black female. Although female and black headed households have greater food restriction, internal differences among these groups were higher for households headed by white males and lower for those headed by black females.
At national level and households with monthly income of up to one minimum age, poor socioeconomic conditions are associated to household food insecurity. This situation is worse among those headed by women and black people. Among poor people, the absence of assets identifies the most vulnerable population to food insecurity and may be used as complementary indicator, mainly in local studies with poor technical resources for data collection and more sophisticated analyzes.
分析2004年全国住户调查的数据，以比较中度或重度粮食不安全状况的患病率差异。此外，还比较了粮食安全或轻度粮食不安全家庭与家庭资产及其他社会经济和人口状况的关系。
研究对象为私人常住家庭，人均月收入最高为一个最低工资标准，且由家庭居民回答巴西粮食不安全量表（n = 51357）。使用χ²检验验证变量与因变量（粮食安全）的关联，显著性水平为5%。使用Stata 8.0软件通过泊松多元回归进行粗患病率比、各自的95%置信区间和调整分析。分析考虑了调查复杂抽样设计的权重。
家庭人均月收入是与粮食安全关联最强的变量。在城市和农村地区，当户主为女性、黑人、家庭中有六个或更多成员、位于大都市区且没有某些特定资产（炉灶、滤水器、冰箱、冰柜、洗衣机和手机）时，中度或重度粮食不安全患病率比的风险更高。在一个仅包括冰箱的资产模型中，观察到月收入最高为四分之一最低工资标准的家庭患病率比最高，在此之后，以白人和黑人男性以及白人或黑人女性为户主的家庭中没有冰箱的患病率比也较高。尽管以女性和黑人为主的家庭粮食限制更大，但这些群体内部的差异在以白人男性为主的家庭中更大，而在以黑人女性为主的家庭中更小。
在国家层面以及月收入最高为一个最低工资标准的家庭中，社会经济条件差与家庭粮食不安全相关。这种情况在以女性和黑人为主的家庭中更严重。在贫困人口中，缺乏资产表明是最易遭受粮食不安全的人群，可作为补充指标，主要用于技术资源匮乏、数据收集和更复杂分析的地方研究。
