de Toledo Giovana Iara Ferreira Moser, Nardocci Adelaide Cássia
Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2011 Sep;14(3):445-54. doi: 10.1590/s1415-790x2011000300009.
Air pollution is an important problem for São Paulo city and vehicles are the main source. About 11 million people are exposed to this pollution.
To examine studies realized about air pollution and its effects on health of the population of São Paulo (Brazil) and methods of assessing exposure to pollution related to traffic.
We performed a literature review using the keywords "air pollution", "São Paulo", and traffic-related air pollution.
As results were obtained several studies that found relation between air pollution in São Paulo and respiratory and cardiovascular problems, fetal growth, increased mortality and hospitalizations, particularly in children and elderly people. In order to estimate the exposure, most of these studies consider the isotropic distribution of pollutants throughout the area, what prevents the evaluation of and the influence of traffic. Several methods have been used to analyze the air traffic exposure, which can be used isolated or combined. It is believed that the combination of models used to calculate pollutant concentrations to methods of georeferencing is the most appropriate approach for similar studies in São Paulo. The advantages of these methods are the ability to identify priority areas and situations, obtaining detailed information for adoption of public policies or measures, and to simulate different scenarios.
The application of these methods in studies at São Paulo depends on the improvement of input data, air quality meteorological monitoring net enhancement and data of traffic volume.
空气污染是圣保罗市面临的一个重要问题，车辆是主要污染源。约1100万人暴露于这种污染之下。
考察关于空气污染及其对圣保罗（巴西）居民健康影响的已开展研究，以及评估与交通相关的污染暴露的方法。
我们使用关键词“空气污染”“圣保罗”以及与交通相关的空气污染进行了文献综述。
获取的多项研究发现圣保罗的空气污染与呼吸和心血管问题、胎儿生长、死亡率上升及住院率上升之间存在关联，尤其是在儿童和老年人中。为了估算暴露情况，这些研究大多考虑污染物在整个区域的各向同性分布，这妨碍了对交通的评估及其影响。已采用多种方法来分析空中交通暴露情况，这些方法可单独使用或联合使用。据信，将用于计算污染物浓度的模型与地理参照方法相结合，是圣保罗类似研究的最合适方法。这些方法的优点包括能够确定优先区域和情况、获取用于制定公共政策或措施的详细信息以及模拟不同情景。
这些方法在圣保罗研究中的应用取决于输入数据的改进、空气质量气象监测网络的加强以及交通流量数据。
