Cad Saude Publica. 2014 Jan;30(1):119-25. doi: 10.1590/0102-311x00168412.
Air pollution is a leading public health concern. In addition, poor populations have been reported as showing increased exposure to such pollution. The current study thus aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic status of the population exposed to vehicle-related air pollution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The study used data from the 2010 Census on head-of-household's mean monthly income and the percentage of households connected to the sewage system. Exposure to air pollutants was estimated according to traffic density in the census tract plus a 200m surrounding buffer. The relationship between exposure and socioeconomic variables was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Exposure increased with increasing socioeconomic status (p < 0.001). The population with the highest socioeconomic status lives in the most polluted areas of the city. However, place of residence alone is not capable of measuring exposure. The study suggests that future epidemiological studies include other indicators of vulnerability.
空气污染是一个主要的公共卫生关注点。此外，据报道，贫困人口接触这种污染的程度更高。因此，本研究旨在评估巴西圣保罗市受车辆相关空气污染影响人群的社会经济地位。该研究使用了 2010 年人口普查中关于家庭主要成员月平均收入和家庭接通污水系统比例的数据。根据普查区内的交通密度以及周围 200 米缓冲区来估计空气污染物的暴露情况。通过 Kruskal-Wallis 检验分析暴露与社会经济变量之间的关系。结果表明，暴露程度随着社会经济地位的提高而增加（p<0.001）。社会经济地位最高的人群生活在城市污染最严重的地区。然而，仅仅依靠居住地并不能衡量暴露程度。研究表明，未来的流行病学研究应包括其他脆弱性指标。
