Wessman Maria J, Theilgaard Zahra, Katzenstein Terese L
Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
Scand J Infect Dis. 2012 Mar;44(3):209-15. doi: 10.3109/00365548.2011.627569. Epub 2011 Nov 10.
In 2009, 2.5 million children under the age of 15 y were living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS); 370,000 were diagnosed with HIV and 260,000 died due to AIDS. More than 90% of the children infected with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa. Most children infected with HIV contract the infection in utero, during delivery, or via breast milk. This review outlines the current diagnostic methods to determine the HIV status of infants born to HIV-infected mothers. The HIV DNA and RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are highly accurate and are recommended as the first-choice diagnostic methods. However, they are expensive and require complex laboratory procedures. Consequently, a search for less costly and complicated methods has led to the testing of p24 antigen analyses as an alternative to the gold-standard PCR tests, with encouraging results. The p24 antigen Perkin Elmer assay currently most often used has a sensitivity of 98.8% and a specificity of 100% (infants 6 weeks of age). Larger-scale studies should be performed in resource-limited settings to confirm these findings.
2009年，有250万15岁以下儿童感染了人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（HIV/AIDS）；37万儿童被诊断出感染HIV，26万儿童死于艾滋病。感染HIV的儿童中，90%以上生活在撒哈拉以南非洲地区。大多数感染HIV的儿童是在子宫内、分娩期间或通过母乳感染的。本综述概述了目前用于确定HIV感染母亲所生婴儿HIV感染状况的诊断方法。HIV DNA和RNA聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测高度准确，被推荐为首选诊断方法。然而，它们成本高昂且需要复杂的实验室操作。因此，人们一直在寻找成本更低、操作更简便的方法，这促使对p24抗原分析进行检测，将其作为金标准PCR检测的替代方法，结果令人鼓舞。目前最常用的p24抗原珀金埃尔默检测法，对6周龄婴儿的灵敏度为98.8%，特异性为100%。应在资源有限的环境中开展更大规模的研究，以证实这些发现。
