School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
Biomaterials. 2012 Feb;33(4):1024-31. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.065. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
In this work, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay was introduced into the recently proposed microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPADs) based on directly screen-printed electrodes on paper for the very first time. The screen-printed paper-electrodes will be more important for further development of this paper-based ECL device in simple, low-cost and disposable application than commercialized ones. To further perform high-performance, high-throughput, simple and inexpensive ECL immunoassay on μPAD for point-of-care testing, a wax-patterned three-dimensional (3D) paper-based ECL device was demonstrated for the very first time. In this 3D paper-based ECL device, eight carbon working electrodes including their conductive pads were screen-printed on a piece of square paper and shared the same Ag/AgCl reference and carbon counter electrodes on another piece of square paper after stacking. Using typical tris-(bipyridine)-ruthenium (Ⅱ) - tri-n-propylamine ECL system, the application test of this 3D paper-based ECL device was performed through the diagnosis of four tumor markers in real clinical serum samples. With the aid of a facile device-holder and a section-switch assembled on the analyzer, eight working electrodes were sequentially placed into the circuit to trigger the ECL reaction in the sweeping range from 0.5 to 1.1 V at room temperature. In addition, this 3D paper-based ECL device can be easily integrated and combined with the recently emerging paper electronics to further develop simple, sensitive, low-cost, disposable and portable μPAD for point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring in remote regions, developing or developed countries.
在这项工作中，电化学发光（ECL）免疫分析首次被引入到最近提出的基于纸的微流控分析装置（μPADs）中，该装置基于直接在纸上印刷的电极。与商业化的电极相比，印刷在纸上的电极对于进一步开发这种基于纸张的 ECL 装置在简单、低成本和一次性应用方面将更加重要。为了在简单、低成本和一次性的基础上，进一步在μPAD 上进行高性能、高通量、简单且廉价的 ECL 免疫分析，首次展示了一种蜡图案化三维（3D）纸基 ECL 装置。在这种 3D 纸基 ECL 装置中，八个碳工作电极（包括它们的导电垫）被印刷在一张方形纸上，在堆叠后，在另一张方形纸上共享相同的 Ag/AgCl 参比电极和碳对电极。使用典型的三（联吡啶）钌（Ⅱ）-三丙胺 ECL 体系，通过对实际临床血清样本中四种肿瘤标志物的诊断，对该 3D 纸基 ECL 装置进行了应用测试。借助于组装在分析器上的简易装置支架和分段开关，将八个工作电极依次放入电路中，在室温下从 0.5 到 1.1 V 的扫速范围内触发 ECL 反应。此外，这种 3D 纸基 ECL 装置可以很容易地与新兴的纸电子学集成和结合，进一步开发简单、敏感、低成本、一次性和便携式用于即时检测、公共卫生和偏远地区环境监测的μPAD，无论在发展中还是发达国家。
