Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atkinson Center for the Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):794-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1207374.
The net effect of anthropogenic aerosols on climate is usually considered the sum of the direct radiative effect of anthropogenic aerosols, plus the indirect effect of these aerosols through aerosol-cloud interactions. However, an additional impact of aerosols on a longer time scale is their indirect effect on climate through biogeochemical feedbacks, largely due to changes in the atmospheric concentration of CO(2). Aerosols can affect land and ocean biogeochemical cycles by physical forcing or by adding nutrients and pollutants to ecosystems. The net biogeochemical effect of aerosols is estimated to be equivalent to a radiative forcing of -0.5 ± 0.4 watts per square meter, which suggests that reaching lower carbon targets will be even costlier than previously estimated.
人为气溶胶对气候的净效应通常被认为是人为气溶胶的直接辐射效应之和，加上这些气溶胶通过气溶胶-云相互作用的间接效应。然而，气溶胶在更长时间尺度上对气候的另一个影响是，它们通过生物地球化学反馈对气候的间接影响，这主要是由于大气中二氧化碳浓度的变化。气溶胶可以通过物理强迫或向生态系统添加营养物质和污染物来影响陆地和海洋生物地球化学循环。气溶胶的净生物地球化学效应估计相当于 -0.5 ± 0.4 瓦特/平方米的辐射强迫，这表明实现更低的碳目标将比之前估计的更加昂贵。
