Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Adv Genet. 2011;75:215-53. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-380858-5.00004-6.
Over the past several decades, the relative contribution of both environmental and genetic influences in the development of aggression and violence has been explored extensively. Only fairly recently, however, has it become increasingly evident that early perinatal life events may substantially increase the vulnerability toward the development of violent and aggressive behaviors in offspring across the lifespan. Early life risk factors, such as pregnancy and birth complications and intrauterine exposure to environmental toxins, appear to have a profound and enduring impact on the neuroregulatory systems mediating violence and aggression, yet the emergence of later adverse behavioral outcomes appears to be both complex and multidimensional. The present chapter reviews available experimental and clinical findings to provide a framework on perinatal risk factors that are associated with altered developmental trajectories leading to violence and aggression, and also highlights the genetic contributions in the expression of these behaviors.
在过去几十年中，环境和遗传因素对攻击和暴力行为发展的相对贡献已经得到了广泛的探索。然而，直到最近，人们才越来越明显地认识到，围产期生命事件可能会大大增加后代在整个生命周期中发生暴力和攻击行为的脆弱性。早期生命风险因素，如妊娠和分娩并发症以及宫内暴露于环境毒素，似乎对介导暴力和攻击的神经调节系统产生深远而持久的影响，但后期不良行为结果的出现似乎既复杂又多维度。本章回顾了现有的实验和临床发现，为与导致暴力和攻击的行为改变发展轨迹相关的围产期风险因素提供了一个框架，并强调了这些行为表达中的遗传贡献。
