Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Cell. 2011 Nov 11;147(4):742-58. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.033.
Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a fundamental role in animal development and tissue homeostasis. Abnormal regulation of this process is associated with a wide variety of human diseases, including immunological and developmental disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Here, we provide a brief historical overview of the field and reflect on the regulation, roles, and modes of PCD during animal development. We also discuss the function and regulation of apoptotic proteins, including caspases, the key executioners of apoptosis, and review the nonlethal functions of these proteins in diverse developmental processes, such as cell differentiation and tissue remodeling. Finally, we explore a growing body of work about the connections between apoptosis, stem cells, and cancer, focusing on how apoptotic cells release a variety of signals to communicate with their cellular environment, including factors that promote cell division, tissue regeneration, and wound healing.
程序性细胞死亡 (PCD) 在动物发育和组织稳态中起着至关重要的作用。该过程的异常调节与多种人类疾病有关,包括免疫和发育障碍、神经退行性疾病以及癌症。在这里,我们提供了该领域的简要历史概述,并反思了 PCD 在动物发育过程中的调节、作用和模式。我们还讨论了凋亡蛋白的功能和调节,包括凋亡的关键执行者 caspase,以及这些蛋白在细胞分化和组织重塑等各种发育过程中的非致死性功能。最后,我们探讨了关于凋亡、干细胞和癌症之间联系的大量研究工作,重点关注凋亡细胞如何释放各种信号与细胞环境进行通信,包括促进细胞分裂、组织再生和伤口愈合的因子。