Department of Magnetic and Acoustic Resonances, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Dresden, Germany.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012 Jan;402(1):209-30. doi: 10.1007/s00216-011-5517-y. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
The single-molecule selectivity and specificity of the binding process together with the expected intrinsic gain factor obtained when utilizing flow through a channel have attracted the attention of analytical chemists for two decades. Sensitive and selective ion channel biosensors for high-throughput screening are having an increasing impact on modern medical care, drug screening, environmental monitoring, food safety, and biowarefare control. Even virus antigens can be detected by ion channel biosensors. The study of ion channels and other transmembrane proteins is expected to lead to the development of new medications and therapies for a wide range of illnesses. From the first attempts to use membrane proteins as the receptive part of a sensor, ion channels have been engineered as chemical sensors. Several other types of peptidic or nonpeptidic channels have been investigated. Various gating mechanisms have been implemented in their pores. Three technical problems had to be solved to achieve practical biosensors based on ion channels: the fabrication of stable lipid bilayer membranes, the incorporation of a receptor into such a structure, and the marriage of the modified membrane to a transducer. The current status of these three areas of research, together with typical applications of ion-channel biosensors, are discussed in this review.
二十年来，结合在通道中流动时获得的固有增益因子，对结合过程中单分子的选择性和特异性的研究，引起了分析化学家的关注。用于高通量筛选的灵敏和选择性的离子通道生物传感器，对现代医疗保健、药物筛选、环境监测、食品安全和生物战控制的影响越来越大。甚至病毒抗原也可以通过离子通道生物传感器检测。对离子通道和其他跨膜蛋白的研究有望为广泛的疾病开发新的药物和治疗方法。从最初尝试将膜蛋白用作传感器的接收部分开始，离子通道就已经被设计为化学传感器。已经研究了几种其他类型的肽或非肽通道。在它们的孔中实现了各种门控机制。为了实现基于离子通道的实用生物传感器，必须解决三个技术问题：稳定脂质双层膜的制造、将受体掺入这种结构中，以及修饰后的膜与换能器的结合。本文综述了这三个研究领域的现状，以及离子通道生物传感器的典型应用。
