Heinrich Heine University Medical Center, Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Duesseldorf, Germany.
Stem Cells Dev. 2012 Jul 20;21(11):1977-88. doi: 10.1089/scd.2011.0414. Epub 2012 Jan 4.
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) with distinct differentiation properties have been reported in many adult [eg, bone marrow (BM)] or fetal tissues [eg, cord blood (CB); umbilical cord (UC)] and are defined by their specific surface antigen expression and multipotent differentiation potential. The MSC identity of these cells should be validated by applying well-defined readout systems if a clinical application is considered. In order to determine whether cells isolated from human UC fulfill the criteria defined for MSC, the immunophenotype and differentiation potential including gene expression analysis of the most relevant lineage-specific markers were analyzed in the presented report in combination with the HOX-gene expression. Cells from the UC do not differentiate into osteoblasts demonstrated by Alizarin Red and Von Kossa staining in addition to real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-analysis of runt-related transcription factor 2, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osterix, bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4. Oil Red O staining as well as PCR analysis of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, fatty acid-binding protein 4, and perilipin revealed an absent adipogenic differentiation. The lack of potential to differentiate into chondrocytes was documented by Alcian-Blue periodic acid-Schiff, Safranin O staining, and real-time PCR analysis of SOX9. Furthermore, neither endothelial nor myogenic differentiation was documented after induction of UC-MSC. In comparison to CB- and BM-derived cells, UC cells revealed an absent trilineage differentiation capacity in vitro. Therefore, these cells should not be termed "mesenchymal stromal cells". The UC cells can be distinguished from CB- and BM-derived cells as well as from pericytes and foreskin fibroblasts by the expression of HOX-genes and the cell surface antigens CD56 and CD146.
间充质基质细胞（MSC）具有不同的分化特性，已在许多成人[例如骨髓（BM）]或胎儿组织[例如脐带血（CB）；脐带（UC）]中报道，并通过其特定的表面抗原表达和多能分化潜能来定义。如果考虑临床应用，则应通过应用定义明确的读出系统来验证这些细胞的 MSC 身份。为了确定从人 UC 中分离的细胞是否符合 MSC 定义的标准，在本报告中分析了免疫表型和分化潜能，包括最相关谱系特异性标记物的基因表达分析，并结合 HOX 基因表达进行分析。UC 细胞不会分化为成骨细胞，这通过茜素红和Von Kossa 染色以及 runt 相关转录因子 2、骨唾液蛋白、骨钙素、osterix、骨形态发生蛋白 2 和 4 的实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）分析证明。油红 O 染色以及过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ、脂肪酸结合蛋白 4 和 perilipin 的 PCR 分析表明不存在脂肪生成分化。通过阿尔辛蓝过碘酸希夫、番红 O 染色和 SOX9 的实时 PCR 分析证明缺乏向软骨细胞分化的潜力。此外，在诱导 UC-MSC 后，也没有记录到内皮或肌源性分化。与 CB 和 BM 来源的细胞相比，UC 细胞在体外表现出缺乏三系分化能力。因此，这些细胞不应被称为“间充质基质细胞”。UC 细胞可以通过表达 HOX 基因和细胞表面抗原 CD56 和 CD146 与 CB 和 BM 来源的细胞以及周细胞和包皮成纤维细胞区分开来。
