Garner A
Department of Pathology, University of London, UK.
Doc Ophthalmol. 1990 Mar;74(3):187-93. doi: 10.1007/BF02482608.
Oxygen in excess is toxic to living tissues and a capacity to neutralise its harmful potential is a requirement for survival. Experimental and circumstantial clinical evidence suggests that the requisite protective mechanisms are insufficiently advanced in the retinal vasculature of the premature neonate, such that babies of very low birth weight are vulnerable to even minor hyperoxia. Sustained hyperoxia produces degenerative effects on the developing endothelium with the result that the newest vessels at the retinal periphery are obliterated. Factors other than the level of inspired oxygen per se may serve to increase the risk of retinopathy by raising the rate of delivery of hyperoxygenated blood.
过量的氧气对活组织有毒性，而中和其有害潜能的能力是生存的必要条件。实验和间接临床证据表明，早产儿视网膜血管中的必要保护机制发育不足，以至于极低出生体重的婴儿即使暴露于轻微的高氧环境也很脆弱。持续的高氧会对发育中的内皮产生退行性影响，导致视网膜周边最新的血管闭塞。除了吸入氧气本身的水平之外，其他因素可能通过提高高氧血液的输送速率来增加视网膜病变的风险。
