Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kabale Regional Hospital, POBox 7, Kabale, Uganda.
BMC Womens Health. 2011 Nov 17;11:50. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-11-50.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem in Africa and worldwide. HIV infected women face increased IPV risk. We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with IPV among HIV infected women attending HIV care in Kabale hospital, Uganda.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 317 HIV infected women attending Kabale regional hospital HIV treatment centre, from March to December 2010. Participants were interviewed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was collected on socio-demographic variables, social habits, and IPV (using the abuse assessment screen and the Severity of Violence against Women Scale to identify physical, sexual and psychological violence). Characteristics of the participants who reported IPV were compared with those who did not. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis was conducted to analyze factors that were independently associated with IPV.
The mean age of 317 respondents was 29.7 years. Twenty two (6.9%) were adolescents and 233 (73.5%) were married or cohabiting. The mean age of the spouse was 33.0 years.One hundred and eleven (35.0%) were currently on antiretroviral therapy. Lifetime prevalence of IPV (physical or sexual) was 36.6%. In the preceding 12 months, IPV (any type) was reported by 93 respondents (29.3%). This was physical for 55 (17.6%), and sexual /psychological for 38 (12.1%). On multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis, there was a significant but inverse association between education level and physical partner violence (adjusted relative risk (ARR) 0.50, confidence limits (95% CI) 0.31-0.82, p-value = 0.007). There was a significant but inverse association between education level of respondent and sexual/psychological violence (ARR 0.47 95%CI (0.25-0.87), p-value = 0.017) Likewise, there was a significant inverse association between the education level of the spouse and psychological/sexual violence (ARR 0.57, 95% CI 0.25-0.90, p-value = 0.018). Use of antiretroviral therapy was associated with increased prevalence of any type of violence (physical, sexual or psychological) with ARR 3.04 (95%CI 1.15-8.45, p-value = 0.032).
Almost one in three women living with HIV had suffered intimate partner violence in the preceding 12 months. Nearly one in five HIV patients reported physical violence, and about one in every seven HIV patients reported sexual/psychological violence. Likewise, women who were taking antiretroviral drugs for HIV treatment were more likely to report any type of intimate partner violence (physical, sexual or psychological). The implication of these findings is that women living with HIV especially those on antiretroviral drugs should be routinely screened for intimate partner violence.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是非洲和全球的一个主要公共卫生问题。感染艾滋病毒的妇女面临着更高的 IPV 风险。我们评估了在乌干达卡巴莱医院接受艾滋病毒护理的艾滋病毒感染妇女中 IPV 的流行情况和相关因素。
这项横断面研究于 2010 年 3 月至 12 月期间在卡巴莱地区医院艾滋病毒治疗中心对 317 名感染艾滋病毒的妇女进行。参与者使用访谈者管理的问卷进行访谈。收集了社会人口统计学变量、社会习惯和 IPV（使用虐待评估屏幕和妇女暴力严重程度量表）的数据，以确定身体、性和心理暴力。报告 IPV 的参与者的特征与未报告 IPV 的参与者进行了比较。多变量逻辑回归分析用于分析与 IPV 独立相关的因素。
317 名受访者的平均年龄为 29.7 岁。22 人（6.9%）是青少年，233 人（73.5%）已婚或同居。配偶的平均年龄为 33.0 岁。111 人（35.0%）正在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗。终生 IPV（身体或性）的流行率为 36.6%。在过去 12 个月中，有 93 名受访者（29.3%）报告了任何类型的 IPV。其中 55 人（17.6%）遭受了身体暴力，38 人（12.1%）遭受了性/心理暴力。在多变量多项逻辑回归分析中，教育程度与身体伴侣暴力之间存在显著但反向关联（调整后的相对风险（ARR）0.50，置信区间（95%CI）0.31-0.82，p 值=0.007）。受访者的教育程度与性/心理暴力之间存在显著但反向关联（ARR 0.47，95%CI（0.25-0.87），p 值=0.017）。同样，配偶的教育程度与心理/性暴力之间存在显著的反向关联（ARR 0.57，95%CI 0.25-0.90，p 值=0.018）。使用抗逆转录病毒疗法与任何类型暴力（身体、性或心理）的发生率增加相关，ARR 为 3.04（95%CI 1.15-8.45，p 值=0.032）。
近三分之一的艾滋病毒感染者在过去 12 个月中遭受过亲密伴侣暴力。近五分之一的艾滋病毒患者报告了身体暴力，大约每七名艾滋病毒患者报告了性/心理暴力。同样，正在接受艾滋病毒治疗的抗逆转录病毒药物的妇女更有可能报告任何类型的亲密伴侣暴力（身体、性或心理）。这些发现的意义是，艾滋病毒感染者，特别是接受抗逆转录病毒药物治疗的妇女，应该定期接受亲密伴侣暴力筛查。
