Research and Programs Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2022 Aug 17;17(8):e0272640. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272640. eCollection 2022.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem and is the most common form of violence against women. Women with HIV in serodifferent relationships may be at an increased risk of IPV compared to women without HIV, hindering their ability to adhere to antiretroviral therapy, clinic appointments, and condom use during sex. This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of IPV in the past year among women with HIV in serodifferent relationships in Nairobi, Kenya.
This cross-sectional study included women with HIV in serodifferent relationships who were at least 18 years old and provided written informed consent. Their experience of physical, sexual, or emotional violence in the past year by the current partner was assessed using 13 questions adapted from the World Health Organization survey on violence against women. Standardized instruments were used to assess sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Associations between intimate partner violence and other variables were evaluated using log binomial regression models.
Of the 159 women enrolled, 47 (29.6%, 95% CI 22.9-37.2%) reported IPV in the past year. Of these, 32 (68.1%) reported emotional, 27 (57.4%) physical, and 27 (57.4%) sexual violence. In the multivariate model, pregnancy (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 2.14, 95% CI 1.09-4.20), alcohol use (minimal drinking aPR 1.91, 95% CI 1.10-3.33; moderate/severe drinking aPR 1.17, 95% CI 0.53-2.59), male partner controlling behavior (aPR 2.09, 95% CI 1.24-3.51), and past physical violence (aPR 1.93, 95% CI 1.22-3.05) remained significantly associated with a higher prevalence of IPV in the past year.
This study identified a high prevalence of IPV in the past year among women with HIV in serodifferent relationships. Pregnant women and women who had experienced prior violence had a higher prevalence of IPV. These data highlight the need to screen for IPV during clinic visits, and to offer evidence based interventions to support women in serodifferent relationships who have experienced IPV.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是一个主要的公共卫生问题，也是针对女性的最常见的暴力形式。与没有 HIV 的女性相比，处于 HIV 血清学不同关系中的 HIV 女性可能面临更高的 IPV 风险，这会妨碍她们遵守抗逆转录病毒治疗、就诊预约和性行为时使用安全套。本研究评估了肯尼亚内罗毕处于 HIV 血清学不同关系中的 HIV 女性在过去一年中 IPV 的流行率和相关因素。
这项横断面研究纳入了至少 18 岁且书面同意参加的处于 HIV 血清学不同关系中的 HIV 女性。使用来自世界卫生组织关于暴力侵害妇女行为的调查的 13 个问题评估了过去一年中当前伴侣的身体、性或情感暴力经历。使用标准化工具评估了社会人口学和行为因素。使用对数二项式回归模型评估了亲密伴侣暴力与其他变量之间的关联。
在纳入的 159 名女性中，47 名（29.6%，95%置信区间 22.9-37.2%）报告了过去一年中的 IPV。其中，32 名（68.1%）报告了情感暴力，27 名（57.4%）报告了身体暴力，27 名（57.4%）报告了性暴力。在多变量模型中，怀孕（调整后的患病率比[APR] 2.14，95%置信区间 1.09-4.20）、饮酒（少量饮酒 APR 1.91，95%置信区间 1.10-3.33；中度/重度饮酒 APR 1.17，95%置信区间 0.53-2.59）、男性伴侣控制行为（APR 2.09，95%置信区间 1.24-3.51）和过去的身体暴力（APR 1.93，95%置信区间 1.22-3.05）与过去一年中 IPV 的更高患病率仍然显著相关。
本研究发现，处于 HIV 血清学不同关系中的 HIV 女性过去一年中 IPV 的流行率较高。孕妇和曾经历过暴力的女性 IPV 患病率更高。这些数据强调了在就诊时筛查 IPV 的必要性，并为支持经历过 IPV 的处于 HIV 血清学不同关系中的女性提供基于证据的干预措施。
