Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis, MA, Brasil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011 Nov-Dec;44(6):712-21. doi: 10.1590/s0037-86822011005000059. Epub 2011 Nov 21.
Infection with Leishmania chagasi is the most common clinical presentation for visceral leishmaniaisis in endemic areas. The municipality of Raposa is an endemic area in State of Maranhão, Brazil, and have had registration cases of visceral leishmaniasis disease. For this reason, a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors for infection with L. chagasi detected by Montenegro skin test.
The sample comprised 96% of the inhabitants of the villages of Maresia, Pantoja, and Marisol located in the municipality of Raposa, corresponding to 1,359 subjects. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between the variables studied and infection of L. chagasi.
The variables associated with infection upon nonadjusted analysis were a straw roof, mud walls, floors of beaten earth, presence of sand flies inside or outside of the dwelling, and bathing outdoors. Adjusted analysis showed that the presence of sand flies inside/outside the dwelling was a risk factor, and age younger than 10 years was a protective factor against asymptomatic infection.
The results highlight the extent to which precarious living conditions of the population strengthen the epidemiological chain of visceral leishmaniasis.
在流行地区，感染恰加斯利什曼原虫是内脏利什曼病最常见的临床表现。罗萨波萨市是巴西马拉尼昂州的一个流行地区，已有内脏利什曼病登记病例。因此，进行了一项横断面研究，以评估通过曼氏黑热菌素皮肤试验检测到的恰加斯利什曼原虫感染的危险因素。
该样本包括位于罗萨波萨市马雷西亚、潘托哈和马里索尔村的 96%的居民，共 1359 人。使用问卷收集数据。应用单变量和多变量逻辑回归模型评估所研究变量与感染 L. chagasi 之间的关联。
未经调整分析中与感染相关的变量是稻草屋顶、泥墙、夯实土地的地板、房屋内外有沙蝇，以及户外洗澡。调整分析显示，房屋内外有沙蝇是一个危险因素，而年龄小于 10 岁是无症状感染的保护因素。
结果强调了人口脆弱的生活条件在加强内脏利什曼病的流行病学链方面的程度。
