Chuard Christian, Erard Véronique
Clinique de médecine et Unité de prévention et contrôle de l'infection, Hôpital fribourgeois, 1708 Fribourg.
Rev Med Suisse. 2011 Oct 12;7(312):1982-4, 1986-7.
Diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, which most often cause pulmonary disease, are increasing. Only a few of the numerous mycobacteria species are clearly pathogenic. Patients, either immunocompetent or immunocompromised, with orwithout underlying disease, are contaminated from the environment. Diagnosis, according to standardized criteria, is based on clinical picture, radiological exams and positive microbiological samples, usually on more than one occasion (slow growing culture and PCR). There are several typical presentations, such as tuberculosis-like disease and lung nodules associated with bronchiectasis. Treatment combines several antimicrobials, is long (occasionally more than one year) and is not always successful.
非结核分枝杆菌感染（最常引起肺部疾病）的诊断病例正在增加。众多分枝杆菌物种中只有少数具有明确致病性。患者无论免疫功能正常或低下，有无基础疾病，均是从环境中受到感染。根据标准化标准，诊断基于临床表现、影像学检查以及微生物样本呈阳性，通常需要不止一次（培养生长缓慢且需进行聚合酶链反应）。有几种典型表现，如结核样疾病和与支气管扩张相关的肺结节。治疗联合使用多种抗菌药物，疗程较长（有时超过一年），且并非总是成功。
