Abel W D, Richards-Henry M, Wright E G, Eldemire-Shearer D
Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
West Indian Med J. 2011 Jul;60(4):483-9.
Many low-income countries face enormous constraints which limit the development of mental health services. The World Health Organization (WHO) made ten recommendations to facilitate the development of mental health services; among these is the integration of mental health into primary care. Jamaica developed an integrated collaborative system of mental health care through the adoption of a primary care model which is central to the delivery of mental health care. This model emphasized the integration of mental health into primary care and, in expanding the role of the mental health team, made it more collaborative. Mental health services were mainstreamed into primary care and several strategies facilitated this process. These included the training of staff in primary care, the availability of psychotropic medication in primary care facilities and the provision of mental health beds at the community level. Furthermore, focus was placed on human development and the involvement of consumers in the policy development and service delivery. This has resulted in a reduction in the population of the mental health hospital and expansion in the community mental health services.
许多低收入国家面临着巨大的限制，这些限制阻碍了精神卫生服务的发展。世界卫生组织（WHO）提出了十项建议以促进精神卫生服务的发展；其中之一是将精神卫生纳入初级保健。牙买加通过采用对提供精神卫生保健至关重要的初级保健模式，建立了一个综合协作的精神卫生保健系统。该模式强调将精神卫生纳入初级保健，并在扩大精神卫生团队作用的同时，使其更具协作性。精神卫生服务被纳入初级保健的主流，有几种策略推动了这一进程。这些策略包括对初级保健工作人员的培训、在初级保健机构提供精神药物以及在社区层面提供精神卫生病床。此外，重点放在了人的发展以及消费者参与政策制定和服务提供上。这导致了精神卫生医院住院人数的减少以及社区精神卫生服务的扩大。
