Digestive and Colorectal Surgery, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
Colorectal Dis. 2011 Nov;13 Suppl 7:47-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02779.x.
Surgical techniques and technologies are rapidly evolving. In the field of colorectal surgery the transanal video-assisted approach was introduced by Buess, 30 years ago, with transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). In more recent years different techniques and technologies have been proposed, including natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE), natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and single-access surgery. Furthermore, a better understanding of the prognostic and risk factors of rectal cancer has allowed TEM to expand its indications to local resection of selected tumours, and more recently there have been proposals for sentinel node biopsy in colon and rectal cancer.
手术技术和科技正在迅速发展。在结直肠外科领域，Buess 医生在 30 年前引入了经肛门内镜微创手术（TEM），随后出现了经自然腔道取标本手术（NOSE）、经自然腔道内镜手术（NOTES）和单孔手术等不同的技术和科技。此外，人们对直肠癌预后和风险因素有了更深入的了解，这使得 TEM 能够扩大其适应证，用于局部切除选定的肿瘤，最近还有人提议对结肠癌和直肠癌进行前哨淋巴结活检。
