School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia.
Vet J. 2012 Jun;192(3):279-85. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.10.009. Epub 2011 Nov 17.
Diarrhoea is a major impediment to profitable sheep production in many countries as it predisposes animals to blowfly strike and contaminates wool and meat carcasses. While it is accepted that nematode parasites are a major cause of diarrhoea in grazing animals, less is known about what facets of the host-parasite relationship lead to diarrhoea and what the most appropriate control strategies are. In this review, the relationship between gastrointestinal nematode infection and diarrhoea is discussed and it is concluded that in many cases, particularly in immunologically mature sheep, diarrhoea is not due to parasite infection per se but rather due to immunopathological processes. Mechanisms that lead to faecal softening in immune sheep are considered, and the question addressed as to whether anthelmintic treatment and selective breeding of naturally parasite-resistant sheep will effectively reduce the occurrence of diarrhoea.
腹泻是许多国家中盈利性绵羊生产的主要障碍，因为它使动物易受蝇类叮咬，并污染羊毛和肉尸。虽然人们接受线虫寄生虫是放牧动物腹泻的主要原因，但对于导致腹泻的宿主-寄生虫关系的哪些方面以及最合适的控制策略知之甚少。在这篇综述中，讨论了胃肠道线虫感染与腹泻之间的关系，并得出结论，在许多情况下，特别是在免疫成熟的绵羊中，腹泻不是由于寄生虫感染本身，而是由于免疫病理过程。考虑了导致免疫绵羊粪便软化的机制，并提出了这样一个问题，即驱虫治疗和对天然抗寄生虫绵羊的选择性繁殖是否能有效地减少腹泻的发生。
