Kenyon F, Greer A W, Coles G C, Cringoli G, Papadopoulos E, Cabaret J, Berrag B, Varady M, Van Wyk J A, Thomas E, Vercruysse J, Jackson F
Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.
Vet Parasitol. 2009 Sep 16;164(1):3-11. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.04.015. Epub 2009 Apr 15.
Anthelmintic resistance is recognised as a major problem affecting small ruminant production worldwide and now threatens the sustainability of many of these systems. One method that has been proposed to prolong the efficacy of our current anthelmintics is the maintenance of a parasite population in refugia (unexposed to a drug) which will maintain the genes for susceptibility within the parasite population. Management strategies that employ refugia-based methods include targeted or strategically timed whole flock treatments, targeted selective treatments (TST), whereby only a proportion of the flock is treated at any one time, and the dilution of resistant with susceptible parasites. The ability to effectively target anthelmintic use relies on the identification of those animals that will most benefit from treatment. This review explains the concept of refugia, describes the role of refugia-based approaches to the management of anthelmintic resistance and reviews the markers that have been studied as indicators for TSTs as well as the implementation of refugia-based strategies. Recent results suggest that targeting anthelmintic treatment on the basis of anaemia, milk production and liveweight gain may offer a means of reducing anthelmintic usage whilst still maintaining animal performance.
抗蠕虫药耐药性被公认为是影响全球小型反刍动物生产的一个主要问题，目前威胁着许多此类养殖系统的可持续性。为延长现有抗蠕虫药的疗效，有人提出一种方法，即维持避难所（未接触药物）中的寄生虫种群，这将在寄生虫种群中保留敏感基因。采用基于避难所方法的管理策略包括有针对性的或按策略定时的全群治疗、针对性选择性治疗（TST），即任何时候只对一部分羊群进行治疗，以及用敏感寄生虫稀释耐药寄生虫。有效靶向使用抗蠕虫药的能力依赖于识别那些最能从治疗中受益的动物。本综述解释了避难所的概念，描述了基于避难所方法在抗蠕虫药耐药性管理中的作用，并综述了作为TST指标进行研究的标志物以及基于避难所策略的实施情况。近期结果表明，基于贫血、产奶量和体重增加来靶向抗蠕虫药治疗，可能提供一种减少抗蠕虫药使用量同时仍维持动物生产性能的方法。
