Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2012 Feb;19(1):119-25. doi: 10.3758/s13423-011-0186-6.
A recent line of research has suggested that memory systems evolved to encode fitness-relevant information more effectively than other types of information-a phenomenon known as the "survival processing effect" (Nairne, Thompson, & Pandeirada Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 33:263-273, 2007). However, the basis for the effect has been debated. In addition, it is unknown whether or not individuals will adjust their judgments of learning (JOLs) to reflect the survival processing effect. In three experiments, participants rated 16 words for their relevance to a survival scenario and another 16 words for their relevance to a bank robbery scenario. In Experiment 1A (with no JOLs), the survival processing effect emerged; in Experiment 1B (with JOLs), no survival processing effect emerged, but JOLs were higher in the survival condition. In both cases, these findings were confounded by higher relevance ratings in the survival condition. In Experiment 2, relevance was manipulated within each list, and the survival processing effect was eliminated. Instead, both recall and JOL magnitude were related to level of congruity between the words and type of processing. Together, these results provide further evidence for the role of congruity in the survival processing effect and JOLs.
最近的一系列研究表明，记忆系统的进化是为了更有效地编码与适应度相关的信息，而不是其他类型的信息——这一现象被称为“生存加工效应”（Nairne, Thompson, & Pandeirada Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 33:263-273, 2007）。然而，这一效应的基础一直存在争议。此外，人们是否会调整他们的学习判断（JOLs）以反映生存加工效应也不得而知。在三项实验中，参与者对 16 个单词进行了与生存场景相关的评分，对另外 16 个单词进行了与银行抢劫场景相关的评分。在实验 1A（没有 JOLs）中，出现了生存加工效应；在实验 1B（有 JOLs）中，没有出现生存加工效应，但在生存条件下 JOLs 更高。在这两种情况下，这些发现都被生存条件下更高的相关性评分所混淆。在实验 2 中，在每个列表内操纵了相关性，消除了生存加工效应。相反，回忆和 JOL 大小都与单词之间的一致性水平和处理类型有关。综上所述，这些结果进一步证明了一致性在生存加工效应和 JOLs 中的作用。
