CRIAcq Università degli Studi di Napoli-Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
Ecotoxicology. 2012 Apr;21(3):688-97. doi: 10.1007/s10646-011-0827-6. Epub 2011 Nov 19.
The application of many current-use pesticides has increased after the disuse of persistent, bioaccumulative or toxic ones as DDT or chlordane. Many of the used pesticides are considered less dangerous towards the environment for their physico-chemical properties. This study investigated the toxic effects of three current-use pesticides, pentachlorophenol (PCP), azinphos-methyl (AZM), and chlorpyrifos, on Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus early development and offspring quality. The experimental results showed that the most toxic pesticides were PCP and AZM at EC50 level. Nevertheless at low concentration PCP resulted the less toxic compound and showed EC1 value more protective than NOEC. PCP at high concentration seemed to modify cytoskeleton assembly, while at low concentrations, it could alter the deposition of the larval skeleton. OPs at low concentrations until 300 μg/l showed a similar toxicological behaviour with a trend corresponding to the pesticide concentrations. At high concentration (500 μg/l) the effect mainly observed was the embryos pre-larval arrest. This investigation highlighted the relevance to evaluate, in coastal seawaters, the levels of the used pesticides to understand the real impact on benthic populations mainly in sites characterized by intensive agriculture or floriculture activities, such as the coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea.
在停止使用滴滴涕或氯丹等持久性、生物累积性或毒性农药之后，许多目前正在使用的农药的应用有所增加。许多使用的农药因其物理化学性质而被认为对环境的危险性较小。本研究调查了三种目前正在使用的农药五氯苯酚（PCP）、azinphos-methyl（AZM）和毒死蜱对地中海海胆 Paracentrotus lividus 早期发育和后代质量的毒性影响。实验结果表明，在 EC50 水平下，最毒的农药是 PCP 和 AZM。然而，在低浓度下，PCP 是毒性较小的化合物，其 EC1 值比 NOEC 更具保护作用。高浓度的 PCP 似乎会改变细胞骨架的组装，而在低浓度下，它可能会改变幼虫骨骼的沉积。低浓度的 OPs 直到 300μg/l 表现出相似的毒性行为，其趋势与农药浓度相对应。在高浓度（500μg/l）下，主要观察到的是胚胎前幼虫停滞。这项研究强调了在沿海海水中评估使用的农药水平的重要性，以了解它们对底栖种群的实际影响，特别是在农业或花卉种植活动密集的地区，如地中海沿海地区。
