Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Seestrasse 55, 16868 Wusterhausen, Germany.
Vet Parasitol. 2012 Apr 30;185(2-4):78-85. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.10.030. Epub 2011 Oct 29.
Data on the genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii circulating in wildlife are scarce. In the present study, foxes and rodents from two Federal States in Central or Eastern Germany were examined for T. gondii infections. Body fluids were collected at necropsy or fluids were obtained from frozen tissues of naturally exposed red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), voles (Microtus arvalis), shrews (Neomys anomalus) and a striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) and tested for T. gondii by serology. DNA isolated from tissues of seropositive foxes and all the rodents was examined by PCR. In the German Federal States of Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt 152/204 (74.5%) and 149/176 (84.7%) of foxes, respectively, but none of the rodents (0/72) had antibodies to T. gondii. Only 28/152 (18.4%) and 20/149 (13.4%) of seropositive foxes from Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt, respectively, but none of the rodents tested PCR-positive for T. gondii. The complete T. gondii genotype could be determined for twelve samples using nine PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) markers (newSAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, PK1, L358 and Apico). In addition to T. gondii clonal type II (Apico II) and type II (Apico I), type III and T. gondii genotypes showing non-canonical allele patterns were observed in foxes. This suggests that, while T. gondii type II prevails in foxes, other genotypes circulate in wildlife. The population structure of T. gondii in Germany may be more diverse than previously thought.
有关野生动物中弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）基因型的数据很少。在本研究中，对德国中部和东部的两个联邦州的狐狸和啮齿动物进行了弓形虫感染检查。通过尸检收集体液，或从自然暴露的红狐（Vulpes vulpes）、田鼠（Microtus arvalis）、鼩鼱（Neomys anomalus）和条纹田鼠（Apodemus agrarius）的冷冻组织中获取体液，并通过血清学方法检测弓形虫。从血清学阳性的狐狸和所有啮齿动物的组织中提取 DNA，并通过 PCR 进行检测。在德国的勃兰登堡州和萨克森-安哈尔特州，分别有 152/204（74.5%）和 149/176（84.7%）的狐狸，但没有一种啮齿动物（0/72）有针对弓形虫的抗体。只有分别来自勃兰登堡州和萨克森-安哈尔特州的 28/152（18.4%）和 20/149（13.4%）的血清学阳性狐狸，以及没有一种啮齿动物的 PCR 结果为阳性。利用 9 个 PCR-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）标记物（newSAG2、SAG3、BTUB、GRA6、c22-8、c29-2、PK1、L358 和 Apico），可以确定 12 个样本的完整弓形虫基因型。除了弓形虫克隆型 II（Apico II）和 II（Apico I）外，还在狐狸中观察到了 III 型和具有非典型等位基因模式的弓形虫基因型。这表明，虽然 II 型弓形虫在狐狸中占主导地位，但其他基因型也在野生动物中传播。德国的弓形虫种群结构可能比之前认为的更加多样化。
