Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
Conscious Cogn. 2012 Mar;21(1):526-45. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2011.10.005. Epub 2011 Nov 21.
In keeping with recent views of consciousness of self as represented in the body in action, empirical studies are reviewed that demonstrate a bottlenose dolphin's (Tursiops truncatus) conscious awareness of its own body and body parts, implying a representational "body image" system. Additional work reviewed demonstrates an advanced capability of dolphins for motor imitation of self-produced behaviors and of behaviors of others, including imitation of human actions, supporting hypotheses that dolphins have a sense of agency and ownership of their actions and may implicitly attribute those levels of self-awareness to others. Possibly, a mirror-neuron system, or its functional equivalent to that described in monkeys and humans, may mediate both self-awareness and awareness of others.
与最近关于自我意识在行动中的身体表现的观点一致，本文回顾了一些实证研究，这些研究表明宽吻海豚（Tursiops truncatus）有意识地意识到自己的身体和身体部位，暗示了一种代表性的“身体形象”系统。此外，本文还回顾了一些研究工作，这些研究表明海豚具有模仿自身行为和他人行为的高级运动能力，包括模仿人类行为，这支持了海豚具有主体意识和对自身行为的所有权的假设，并且可能会将这些自我意识的层次隐含地归因于其他动物。可能，镜像神经元系统或其在猴子和人类中描述的功能等效系统，可能介导自我意识和对他人的意识。
